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我国罕见病药品进口现状及挑战的调研分析
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          邬镜净    1, 2* ,苏沁凝 ,陶雪怡 ,杨雨菲 ,茅宁莹 (1.中国药科大学国际医药商学院,南京 211198;2.中国药
                           1
                                            1, 2
                                    1
          科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心,南京 211198)
          中图分类号  R95      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)17-2097-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.17.03

          摘  要  目的  分析我国当前罕见病药品进口的现状及所面临的挑战,为优化罕见病药品进口流程和完善相关政策提供参考。
          方法  对罕见病药品进口环节涉及的政府部门、跨国制药企业、医疗机构和患者组织相关方展开问卷调研和访谈,探析各方在罕见
          病药品进口环节的现状及遇到的挑战,并综合专家意见提出改进建议。结果  通过对25家罕见病领域的跨国制药企业相关负责
          人展开问卷调研,发现企业进口罕见病药品意愿强烈,58.33%的企业开展了多元进口模式实践,但在实际进口过程中面临制度不
          清晰(54.17%)、实际审批程序复杂(45.83%)、实际审批周期过长(41.67%)等系列问题,影响了企业进口的积极性。同时,对13位
          来自政府部门、医疗机构、制药企业和患者组织的罕见病领域专家展开访谈调研,发现目前我国在罕见病药品进口的政策设计、审
          批流程、抽检成本及与监管方的沟通效率等方面存在不足,医疗特区的药品进口模式也有待完善。结论  我国罕见病药品在进口
          环节还面临着政策制度不完善、监管机制不灵活、沟通渠道缺乏等问题。建议从完善罕见病认定机制、优化进口激励政策和完善
          监管模式等方面出发,进一步优化罕见病药品进口流程并完善相关政策。
          关键词  罕见病;药品进口;政策建议;中国

          Investigation and analysis of the current status and challenges in importing rare disease drugs in China
          WU Jingjing ,SU Qinning ,TAO Xueyi ,YANG Yufei ,MAO Ningying (1. School of International Medicine
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                     1, 2
                                  1
                                             1
          Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;2. Research Center of National Drug Policy
          & Pharmaceutical Industry Economics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China)
          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE  To  analyze  the  current  status  and  challenges  in  importing  rare  disease  drugs  in  China,  providing
          references  for  optimizing  the  import  process  and  improving  relevant  policies.  METHODS  Questionnaires  and  interviews  were
          conducted  with  stakeholders  involved  in  rare  disease  drug  importation,  including  government  departments,  multinational
          pharmaceutical  enterprises,  healthcare  institutions,  and  patient  organizations.  This  explored  the  current  situation  and  challenges
          encountered  by  each  party.  Expert  opinions  were  synthesized  to  propose  improvement  suggestions.  RESULTS  A  questionnaire
          survey of representatives from 25 multinational pharmaceutical companies in the rare disease field revealed that these companies had
          a  strong  willingness  to  import  rare  disease  drugs,  with  58.33%  of  them  practicing  diverse  import  models.  However,  significant
          challenges hindered this process, including unclear regulations (54.17%), complex approval procedures (45.83%), and excessively
          long  approval  cycles (41.67%),  negatively  impacting  their  motivation.  Meanwhile,  interviews  with  13  experts  from  government
          departments,  healthcare  institutions,  pharmaceutical  enterprises,  and  patient  organizations  identified  deficiencies  in  policy  design,
          approval  processes,  sampling  inspection  costs,  and  communication  efficiency  with  regulators. Additionally,  the  drug  import  model
          in  special  medical  zones  also  required  improvement.  CONCLUSIONS  The  importation  of  rare  disease  drugs  in  China  faces
          challenges  such  as  incomplete  policies,  inflexible  regulatory  mechanisms,  and  insufficient  communication  channels.  It  is
          recommended to enhance the rare disease definition criteria, optimize import incentive policies, and refine regulatory models, so as
          to further optimize the import process of rare disease drugs and improve relevant policies.
          KEYWORDS    rare disease; drug importation; policy recommendations; China



             Δ 基金项目 国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.15ZDB167);江苏省                罕见病是指患病率很低、很少见的疾病,一般为慢
          社会科学基金一般专项资助项目(No.22JZB002);2024年江苏省研究                                      [1]
                                                             性病或严重危及生命的疾病 ,尚无统一的界定标准。
          生科研创新计划项目(No.KYCX24_1050)
             *第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:社会与管理药学。E-mail:                目前已发现的罕见病有10 000多种,约占人类疾病总数
          Wujingjing_0721@163.com
                                                             的十分之一     [2―3] 。截至 2024 年,全球罕见病患者已经超
             # 通信作者 教授,博士生导师。研究方向:医药产业政策。
          E-mail:mny523@126.com                              过3亿,其中近一半的患者是儿童              [4―5] 。全世界范围内只


          中国药房  2025年第36卷第17期                                              China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 17    · 2097 ·
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