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我国罕见病药品进口现状及挑战的调研分析
Δ
1, 2 #
邬镜净 1, 2* ,苏沁凝 ,陶雪怡 ,杨雨菲 ,茅宁莹 (1.中国药科大学国际医药商学院,南京 211198;2.中国药
1
1, 2
1
科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心,南京 211198)
中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)17-2097-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.17.03
摘 要 目的 分析我国当前罕见病药品进口的现状及所面临的挑战,为优化罕见病药品进口流程和完善相关政策提供参考。
方法 对罕见病药品进口环节涉及的政府部门、跨国制药企业、医疗机构和患者组织相关方展开问卷调研和访谈,探析各方在罕见
病药品进口环节的现状及遇到的挑战,并综合专家意见提出改进建议。结果 通过对25家罕见病领域的跨国制药企业相关负责
人展开问卷调研,发现企业进口罕见病药品意愿强烈,58.33%的企业开展了多元进口模式实践,但在实际进口过程中面临制度不
清晰(54.17%)、实际审批程序复杂(45.83%)、实际审批周期过长(41.67%)等系列问题,影响了企业进口的积极性。同时,对13位
来自政府部门、医疗机构、制药企业和患者组织的罕见病领域专家展开访谈调研,发现目前我国在罕见病药品进口的政策设计、审
批流程、抽检成本及与监管方的沟通效率等方面存在不足,医疗特区的药品进口模式也有待完善。结论 我国罕见病药品在进口
环节还面临着政策制度不完善、监管机制不灵活、沟通渠道缺乏等问题。建议从完善罕见病认定机制、优化进口激励政策和完善
监管模式等方面出发,进一步优化罕见病药品进口流程并完善相关政策。
关键词 罕见病;药品进口;政策建议;中国
Investigation and analysis of the current status and challenges in importing rare disease drugs in China
WU Jingjing ,SU Qinning ,TAO Xueyi ,YANG Yufei ,MAO Ningying (1. School of International Medicine
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1
1
Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;2. Research Center of National Drug Policy
& Pharmaceutical Industry Economics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the current status and challenges in importing rare disease drugs in China, providing
references for optimizing the import process and improving relevant policies. METHODS Questionnaires and interviews were
conducted with stakeholders involved in rare disease drug importation, including government departments, multinational
pharmaceutical enterprises, healthcare institutions, and patient organizations. This explored the current situation and challenges
encountered by each party. Expert opinions were synthesized to propose improvement suggestions. RESULTS A questionnaire
survey of representatives from 25 multinational pharmaceutical companies in the rare disease field revealed that these companies had
a strong willingness to import rare disease drugs, with 58.33% of them practicing diverse import models. However, significant
challenges hindered this process, including unclear regulations (54.17%), complex approval procedures (45.83%), and excessively
long approval cycles (41.67%), negatively impacting their motivation. Meanwhile, interviews with 13 experts from government
departments, healthcare institutions, pharmaceutical enterprises, and patient organizations identified deficiencies in policy design,
approval processes, sampling inspection costs, and communication efficiency with regulators. Additionally, the drug import model
in special medical zones also required improvement. CONCLUSIONS The importation of rare disease drugs in China faces
challenges such as incomplete policies, inflexible regulatory mechanisms, and insufficient communication channels. It is
recommended to enhance the rare disease definition criteria, optimize import incentive policies, and refine regulatory models, so as
to further optimize the import process of rare disease drugs and improve relevant policies.
KEYWORDS rare disease; drug importation; policy recommendations; China
Δ 基金项目 国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.15ZDB167);江苏省 罕见病是指患病率很低、很少见的疾病,一般为慢
社会科学基金一般专项资助项目(No.22JZB002);2024年江苏省研究 [1]
性病或严重危及生命的疾病 ,尚无统一的界定标准。
生科研创新计划项目(No.KYCX24_1050)
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:社会与管理药学。E-mail: 目前已发现的罕见病有10 000多种,约占人类疾病总数
Wujingjing_0721@163.com
的十分之一 [2―3] 。截至 2024 年,全球罕见病患者已经超
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师。研究方向:医药产业政策。
E-mail:mny523@126.com 过3亿,其中近一半的患者是儿童 [4―5] 。全世界范围内只
中国药房 2025年第36卷第17期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 17 · 2097 ·

