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基于说明书修订公告及药品国家不良反应监测报告的中药安全
性内容管控现状与对策分析
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*
朱 健 ,王 忠,武红莉,荆志伟(中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京 100700)
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中图分类号 R969.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)17-2092-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.17.02
摘 要 目的 为完善中药说明书安全性内容的修订提供参考。方法 系统分析2013-2024年中药说明书修订相关公告中的公
告发布年份、药品名称、药品剂型、公告发布时间、3项安全性内容(【禁忌】【不良反应】【注意事项】)的平均修订条数等资料;根据
2013-2024年国家药品不良反应监测报告数据,分析中药占全部药品不良反应的比例、不同剂型药品[中药注射剂、口服中药、其
他(外用类)中药]不良反应构成比。结果 2013-2024年国家药品监督管理局共发布了101条中药说明书修订公告,涉及241种中
药。其中,口服中药163种,中药注射剂25种,其他(外用类)中药53种。中药注射剂、口服中药和其他(外用类)中药存在安全性
内容缺失的分别有3、10、0种。中药注射剂不良反应数据的主要来源类型为上市后监测数据(占48.00%);口服中药不良反应数据
的主要来源类型为监测数据(占71.17%);73.58%的其他(外用类)中药未提及不良反应数据来源。国家药品不良反应监测报告显
示,中药占全部药品不良反应的比例从2013年的17.3%降至2024年的12.1%,其中中药注射剂的不良反应在3种剂型中药中的构
成比从2015年的61.3%降至2024年的24.6%,而口服中药的不良反应在3种剂型中药中的构成比从2015年的34.7%升至2024年
的64.0%。结论 我国中药安全性内容风险管控已取得成效,但仍面临被动监测依赖性强、数据溯源不足及关键内容缺失三大挑
战,亟须分剂型完善安全性内容、优化安全性数据来源并充分利用真实世界证据补充安全性内容。
关键词 中药说明书;说明书修订;安全性内容;不良反应
Analysis of the current status and countermeasures of safety content control of traditional Chinese
medicine based on the revision announcement of the instruction and the national adverse drug reaction
monitoring report
ZHU Jian,WANG Zhong,WU Hongli,JING Zhiwei(Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China
Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for revising the safety content of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)
instructions. METHODS A systematic analysis was conducted on the relevant announcements on the revision of TCM instruction
from 2013 to 2024, including the year of publication, drug name, drug formulation, announcement release time, and the average
number of revisions made to three safety contents (contraindication, adverse drug reaction, and precaution). According to the
report data of national adverse drug reaction monitoring from 2013 to 2024, analyze the proportion of TCM in all adverse drug
reactions, the composition ratio of adverse drug reaction of different dosage forms of drugs [TCM injection, oral TCM, other
(topical) TCM]. RESULTS From 2013 to 2024, the National Medical Products Administration issued a total of 101 notices on the
revision of TCM instruction, involving 241 types of TCM. Among them, there were 163 types of oral TCM, 25 types of TCM
injection, and 53 types of other (topical) TCM. There were 3, 10 and 0 types of TCM injection, oral TCM, and other (topical)
TCM with missing safety content, respectively. The main source of adverse drug reaction data for TCM injections was post-
marketing monitoring data (accounting for 48.00%); the main source of adverse drug reaction data for oral TCM was monitoring
data (accounting for 71.17%); 73.58% of other (topical) TCM did not mention the source of adverse drug reaction data. The report
on national adverse drug reaction monitoring showed that the proportion of all adverse drug reactions of TCM had decreased from
17.3% in 2013 to 12.1% in 2024. Among them, the proportion of adverse drug reaction of TCM injection in the three dosage forms
of TCM had decreased from 61.3% in 2015 to 24.6% in 2024,
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82074584);中国中医科 while the proportion of adverse drug reaction of oral TCM in
学院中药监管科学研究项目(No.ZYJGKX202409) the three dosage forms of TCM had increased from 34.7% in
*第一作者 博士研究生。研究方向:中药上市后再评价。E-
2015 to 64.0% in 2024. CONCLUSIONS The risk
mail:zhujian19024@163.com
management of TCM safety content has achieved results in
# 通信作者 研究员,博士生导师。研究方向:中医临床药理学。
E-mail:drjzw@163.com China, but still faces three major challenges: strong
· 2092 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 17 中国药房 2025年第36卷第17期

