Page 14 - 《中国药房》2025年17期
P. 14

基于说明书修订公告及药品国家不良反应监测报告的中药安全

          性内容管控现状与对策分析
                                                     Δ


                *
          朱 健 ,王 忠,武红莉,荆志伟(中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京 100700)
                                        #
          中图分类号  R969.3      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)17-2092-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.17.02

          摘   要  目的  为完善中药说明书安全性内容的修订提供参考。方法  系统分析2013-2024年中药说明书修订相关公告中的公
          告发布年份、药品名称、药品剂型、公告发布时间、3项安全性内容(【禁忌】【不良反应】【注意事项】)的平均修订条数等资料;根据
          2013-2024年国家药品不良反应监测报告数据,分析中药占全部药品不良反应的比例、不同剂型药品[中药注射剂、口服中药、其
          他(外用类)中药]不良反应构成比。结果  2013-2024年国家药品监督管理局共发布了101条中药说明书修订公告,涉及241种中
          药。其中,口服中药163种,中药注射剂25种,其他(外用类)中药53种。中药注射剂、口服中药和其他(外用类)中药存在安全性
          内容缺失的分别有3、10、0种。中药注射剂不良反应数据的主要来源类型为上市后监测数据(占48.00%);口服中药不良反应数据
          的主要来源类型为监测数据(占71.17%);73.58%的其他(外用类)中药未提及不良反应数据来源。国家药品不良反应监测报告显
          示,中药占全部药品不良反应的比例从2013年的17.3%降至2024年的12.1%,其中中药注射剂的不良反应在3种剂型中药中的构
          成比从2015年的61.3%降至2024年的24.6%,而口服中药的不良反应在3种剂型中药中的构成比从2015年的34.7%升至2024年
          的64.0%。结论  我国中药安全性内容风险管控已取得成效,但仍面临被动监测依赖性强、数据溯源不足及关键内容缺失三大挑
          战,亟须分剂型完善安全性内容、优化安全性数据来源并充分利用真实世界证据补充安全性内容。
          关键词  中药说明书;说明书修订;安全性内容;不良反应

          Analysis  of  the  current  status  and  countermeasures  of  safety  content  control  of  traditional  Chinese
          medicine  based  on  the  revision  announcement  of  the  instruction  and  the  national  adverse  drug  reaction
          monitoring report
          ZHU Jian,WANG Zhong,WU Hongli,JING Zhiwei(Institute  of  Basic  Research  in  Clinical  Medicine,China
          Academy of Chinese Medical  Sciences, Beijing 100700,China)

          ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE  To  provide  a  reference  for  revising  the  safety  content  of  traditional  Chinese  medicine(TCM)
          instructions.  METHODS A  systematic  analysis  was  conducted  on  the  relevant  announcements  on  the  revision  of  TCM  instruction
          from 2013 to 2024, including the year of publication, drug name, drug formulation, announcement release time, and the average
          number  of  revisions  made  to  three  safety  contents (contraindication,  adverse  drug  reaction,  and  precaution).  According  to  the
          report  data  of  national  adverse  drug  reaction  monitoring  from  2013  to  2024,  analyze  the  proportion  of  TCM  in  all  adverse  drug
          reactions,  the  composition  ratio  of  adverse  drug  reaction  of  different  dosage  forms  of  drugs  [TCM  injection,  oral  TCM,  other
         (topical) TCM]. RESULTS From 2013 to 2024, the National Medical Products Administration issued a total of 101 notices on the
          revision  of  TCM  instruction,  involving  241  types  of  TCM. Among  them,  there  were  163  types  of  oral  TCM,  25  types  of  TCM
          injection,  and  53  types  of  other (topical) TCM. There  were  3,  10  and  0  types  of TCM  injection,  oral TCM,  and  other (topical)
          TCM  with  missing  safety  content,  respectively.  The  main  source  of  adverse  drug  reaction  data  for  TCM  injections  was  post-
          marketing  monitoring  data (accounting  for  48.00%);  the  main  source  of  adverse  drug  reaction  data  for  oral TCM  was  monitoring
          data (accounting for 71.17%); 73.58% of other (topical) TCM did not mention the source of adverse drug reaction data. The report
          on  national  adverse  drug  reaction  monitoring  showed  that  the  proportion  of  all  adverse  drug  reactions  of TCM  had  decreased  from
          17.3% in 2013 to 12.1% in 2024. Among them, the proportion of adverse drug reaction of TCM injection in the three dosage forms
                                                              of TCM had decreased from 61.3% in 2015 to 24.6% in 2024,
              Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82074584);中国中医科            while  the  proportion  of  adverse  drug  reaction  of  oral  TCM  in
          学院中药监管科学研究项目(No.ZYJGKX202409)                       the  three  dosage  forms  of  TCM  had  increased  from  34.7%  in
             *第一作者 博士研究生。研究方向:中药上市后再评价。E-
                                                              2015  to  64.0%  in  2024.  CONCLUSIONS  The  risk
          mail:zhujian19024@163.com
                                                              management  of  TCM  safety  content  has  achieved  results  in
              # 通信作者 研究员,博士生导师。研究方向:中医临床药理学。
          E-mail:drjzw@163.com                                China,  but  still  faces  three  major  challenges:  strong


          · 2092 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 17                            中国药房  2025年第36卷第17期
   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19