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·药学研究·
小檗碱改善2型糖尿病合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病的机制研究
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李 怡 ,康舒羽,王琪文,黄曼婷,曾聪彦,童 隽,董更婷(广州中医药大学附属中山中医院中药药理实验室/
*
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国家中药现代化工程技术研究中心-医院制剂转化分中心,广东 中山 528400)
中图分类号 R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)16-1975-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.16.04
摘 要 目的 探讨小檗碱通过调节神经酰胺改善2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)的潜在机制。方法 取
血糖水平>11.1 mmol/L的db/db小鼠(即T2DM模型小鼠)32只,分为模型组,小檗碱低、高剂量组[100、200 mg/(kg·d)]和二甲双
胍组[300 mg/(kg·d)],每组8只;另取wt/wt小鼠8只,作为正常对照组。各组小鼠灌胃相应药液或水,每天1次,持续6周。观察小
鼠实验期间的体重变化,并分析其末周体重差异;末次给药后,观察各组小鼠的体型,检测其空腹血糖(FBG)水平和血脂指标[总
胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]含量;检测其空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平
并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI);检测其肝脏质量、肝脏指数和血清肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶
(AST)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(ALT)]水平,观察肝组织病理学变化,检测其肝组织中脂肪酸合成相关蛋白[固醇调节元件结合蛋白 1
(SREBP1)、脂肪酸合酶(FASN)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1(ACC1)]的表达。收集正常对照组、模型组、小檗碱高剂量组小鼠血清样本,
进行非靶向脂质组学分析并验证。结果 与模型组比较,小檗碱低、高剂量组小鼠肝组织细胞排列紊乱、脂质空泡等病理改变均得
以改善;其末周体重,FBG水平,TC、TG、LDL-C含量,HOMA-IR(小檗碱低剂量组除外),肝脏质量和肝脏指数,AST、ALT水平,以
及SREBP1、FASN、ACC1蛋白的表达均显著降低或下调,而HDL-C含量、FINS水平(小檗碱高剂量组除外)、ISI(小檗碱低剂量组
除外)均显著升高(P<0.05)。共鉴定出21个潜在差异代谢物,含多种神经酰胺;上述代谢物主要富集于鞘脂代谢、甘油磷脂代谢
等通路;验证实验结果显示,高剂量小檗碱可显著降低模型小鼠血清神经酰胺含量(P<0.05)。结论 小檗碱可减轻 T2DM 合并
MAFLD小鼠的胰岛素抵抗,改善其肝脏受损和脂质沉积,上述作用可能与降低神经酰胺含量有关。
关键词 小檗碱;2型糖尿病;代谢相关脂肪性肝病;非靶向脂质组学分析;鞘脂代谢;神经酰胺
Study on the mechanism of berberine in improving diabetes mellitus type 2 combined with metabolic-
associated fatty liver disease
LI Yi,KANG Shuyu,WANG Qiwen,HUANG Manting,ZENG Congyan,TONG Jun,DONG Gengting
(Pharmacology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese
Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Hospital Preparation
Transformation Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Guangdong Zhongshan 528400, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential mechanism of berberine improving diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM)
combined with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by regulating ceramide. METHODS Thirty-two db/db mice with
blood glucose levels>11.1 mmol/L (T2DM model) were divided into four groups: model group, berberine low- and high-dose
groups [100, 200 mg/(kg·d)] and metformin group [300 mg/(kg·d)], with 8 mice in each group. Additionally, 8 wt/wt mice were
selected as the normal control group. Mice in each group were administered the corresponding drug solution or water by gavage
once daily for a continuous period of 6 weeks. During the experiment, the body weight of the mice was monitored, and the
differences in final body weight were analyzed. After the last administration, the body shape of the mice in each group was
observed, and their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the lipid indicators [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] were measured. Fasting serum insulin (FINS)
levels were also measured, and the insulin resistance index
Δ 基金项目 国 家 自 然 科 学 基 金 青 年 科 学 基 金 项 目(No. (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were
82305119);广东省中医药局中医药科研项目(No.20251433);广州中 calculated. Liver weight, liver index and serum liver function
医药大学校院联合科技创新基金项目(No.GZYZS2024U07) indicators [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:糖尿病及心血管活性药物评 (AST)] were assessed, and hepatic histopathological changes
价和作用机制。E-mail:1796255334@qq.com were observed. Additionally, the expression of fatty acid
# 通信作者 助理研究员,博士。研究方向:糖尿病及心血管活性 synthesis-related proteins [sterol regulatory element-binding
药物评价和作用机制。E-mail:donggengting@163.com protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-
中国药房 2025年第36卷第16期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 16 · 1975 ·

