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抗凝药物审方规则专家共识
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重庆市医院协会药事管理专业委员会
中图分类号 R95;R972;R973 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)24-2951-17
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.24.02
摘 要 目的 为进一步规范抗凝药物的临床应用,提高医疗机构抗凝药物处方的审核效率提供参考。方法 由重庆市医院协会
药事管理专业委员会发起,重庆医科大学附属第二医院牵头,联合全国多个省份的相关领域专家,基于药品说明书建立12种常用
抗凝药物的基础审方规则、警示级别及对应干预措施;针对基础审方规则中未涵盖的部分临床应用情况,在参考已有指南及专家
共识的基础上,向来自全国8个省份22家医院的42名专家进行函询,形成共识。结果与结论 基于药品说明书建立了普通肝素、
依诺肝素钠、那屈肝素钙、达肝素钠、磺达肝癸钠、比伐芦定、阿加曲班、华法林、达比加群酯、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班、艾多沙班共12
种抗凝药物的基础审方规则,以及超出基础审方规则的警示级别及对应干预措施。针对基础审方规则中未涵盖的部分临床应用
情况,经过2轮专家函询,形成了17条审方推荐意见。随着临床研究的进展,本共识将会进一步更新和调整;此外,因本共识未涵
盖抗凝药物在临床使用的所有情况,审方人员须针对患者具体情况进行个体化评估。
关键词 抗凝药物;处方适宜性;审方规则;临床应用;专家共识
Expert consensus on prescription review rules of anticoagulants
Pharmaceutical Administration Committee of Chongqing Hospital Association
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To further standardize the clinical application of anticoagulants and provide reference for improving
the efficiency of prescription review of anticoagulants in medical institutions. METHODS Initiated by the Pharmaceutical
Administration Committee of Chongqing Hospital Association and led by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical
University, in collaboration with experts in relevant fields from multiple provinces across the country, the prescription review
rules, warning levels, and intervention measures for 12 kinds of common anticoagulants were established based on drug
instructions. Regarding clinical drug use that was not covered by the basic review rules, based on reference to existing guidelines
and expert consensus, 42 experts from 22 hospitals in 8 provinces across the country were consulted by letter to form a consensus.
RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The basic prescription review rules of 12 kinds of anticoagulants, including unfractionated
heparin, enoxaparin sodium, nadroparin calcium, dalteparin sodium, fondaparinux sodium, bivalirudin, argatroban, warfarin,
dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban, had been established according to drug instruction, as well as warning
levels beyond the basic review rules and corresponding intervention measures. After two rounds of expert consultation, 17
recommendations for prescription review were formed regarding some clinical drug use that were not covered by the basic
prescription review rules. With the progress of clinical research, this consensus will be further updated and adjusted; in addition, as
this consensus does not cover all situations where anticoagulants are used in clinical practice, prescription reviewer must conduct
personalized evaluations based on the specific situation of the patient.
KEYWORDS anticoagulants; prescription suitability; prescription review rules; clinical application; expert consensus
随着我国人口老龄化的加剧,服用抗凝药物进行血 embolism,PE)、弥散性血管内凝血(disseminated intra‐
栓性疾病预防和治疗的患者比例也在不断增加 [1―2] 。抗 vascular coagulation,DIC)等。抗凝药物按作用机制可
凝药物通过阻止血液凝固来防止血栓形成,临床主要用 分为:(1)维生素K拮抗剂(vitamin K antagonist,VKA),
如华法林;(2)间接凝血酶抑制剂,如普通肝素(unfrac‐
于防治血栓栓塞相关疾病,如心房颤动(atrial fibrilla‐
tionated heparin,UFH)、低 分 子 肝 素(low molecular
tion,AF)、急性心肌梗死、人工机械瓣膜置换术后、深静
weight heparin,LMWH)、磺达肝癸钠等;(3)直接凝血酶
脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)、肺栓塞(pulmonary
抑制剂,如达比加群酯、比伐芦定、阿加曲班等;(4)直接
Δ基金项目2023年国家临床重点专科项目(No.渝卫办发〔2023〕 凝血因子Ⅹa 抑制剂,如利伐沙班、阿哌沙班、艾多沙班
48号);重庆医科大学附属第二医院“宽仁英才-骨干人才”项目(No.重 等。上述药物目前被广泛应用于临床,涉及心血管、呼
医二院党〔2022〕28号)
吸、肿瘤、妇产、免疫等多个学科疾病的治疗。
通信作者 钱妍:主任中药师,硕士。研究方向:药事管理、临床药
近年来,随着抗凝药物种类的不断增多、临床应用
学。E-mail:cqqianyan@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
通信作者 赵春景:主任药师,博士。研究方向:医院药学。E- 范围的不断扩大以及使用量的不断增加,临床超说明书
mail:zhaocj6547@sina.com 用药的情况越来越多,大大增加了患者的用药风险和经
中国药房 2023年第34卷第24期 China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 24 · 2951 ·