Page 85 - 《中国药房》2021年2期

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To establish characteristic chromatogram of Cornus officinalis and its different wine-processed
products，investigate the differences of chromaticity values，and analyze them with chemical pattern recognition technology.
METHODS：UPLC method was adopted. Using loganin as reference，UPLC characteristic chromatograms were drawn for 10
batches of C. officinalis and 20 batches of different wine-processed products （stewing with wine，steaming with wine）. TCM
Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System（2012A edition）was used for similarity evaluation，and common peaks were confirmed.
The chromaticity values [lightness（L），red and green tone value（a），yellow and blue tone value（b），color difference value（ΔE）]
were determined by spectrophotometer. SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.0 software were used for cluster analysis，principal component
analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis；taking the area of characteristic peak and chromaticity value as indexes，and
the variable importance projection greater than 1 as the standard，the difference markers affecting its quality were screened.
RESULTS：There were 6 common peaks in the chromatograms for decoction piece of C. officinalis，7 common peaks for
wine-processed C. officinalis（stewing with wine）and wine-processed C. officinalis（steaming with wine）. Four components were
identified as gallic acid，5-hydroxymethylfurfural，morroniside，loganin. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was produced after processing.
The similarity between C. officinalis and different wine-processed products （stewing and steaming with wine） was low
（0.869-0.937，0.845-0.944），but the similarity between different wine-processed products was higher than 0.99. ΔL，Δa，Δb and ΔE
of C. officinalis decoction pieces and wine-processed C. officinalis decoction pieces（stewing in wine）were －9.42-－3.58，－24.92-
－15.00，－11.33- －7.00 and 17.01-28.12，respectively. ΔL，Δa，Δb and ΔE of C. officinalis decoction pieces and wine-processed
C. officinalis（steaming in wine）decoction pieces were －8.58-－2.42，－25.08-－13.83，－10.92-－6.08，15.58-28.67. ΔL，Δa，Δb
and ΔE of wine-processed C. officinalis decoction pieces （stewing and steaming with wine） were －2.17-3.00，－0.75-2.50，
0.25-1.42 and 1.25-3.83，respectively. Results of cluster analysis showed that 30 batches of sample were clustered into two
categories，S1-S10 were clustered into one category，and S11-S30 were clustered into other category. Principal component analysis
showed that cumulative contribution rate of former two main components was 83.147％. Results of partial least squares-discriminant
analysis showed that morroniside，No.5 peak and chromaticity values（L，a，b）were the difference markers affecting its quality.
CONCLUSIONS：Established UPLC characteristic chromatogram is stable and feasible，and can be used to rapidly identify
C. officinalis and its different wine-processed products. Established chemical mode can be used to identify different wine-processed
products.
KEYWORDS Cornus officinalis decoction piece；Wine-processed products；UPLC；Characteristic chromatogram；Chromaticity
value；Cluster analysis；Principal component analysis；Partial least squares-discriminant analysis

山茱萸为山茱萸科植物山茱萸 Cornus officinalis 进行要求 。鉴于两者颜色均较深，指标成分均为马钱
[2]
[1]
Sieb. et Zucc.的干燥成熟果肉，始载于《神农本草经》 ， 苷和莫诺苷，且酒萸肉的规定限度低于山萸肉，若存在
具有补益肝肾、收涩固脱的功效，主要用于治疗眩晕耳 混用情况，仅通过观察饮片的外观性状、色泽，则无法较
鸣、腰膝酸痛、阳痿遗精、遗尿尿频、崩漏带下、大汗虚 好地对两者进行区分。目前，关于山萸肉的研究主要涉
[2]
脱、内热消渴等症 。2020 年版《中国药典》（一部）收载 及其饮片炮制前后特征成分的含量变化 [7－10] ，而应用视
[2]
有山萸肉和酒萸肉等两种饮片 。现代研究表明，山萸 觉分析仪客观量化饮片外观色泽，同时结合其特征图谱
肉饮片长于敛汗固脱，其降血糖、抗凝血、抗心律失常作 快速鉴别的研究较少。基于此，本研究采用超高效液相
用较强；而酒制品补益肝肾作用较强，常入滋补方剂 。 色谱法（UPLC）建立山萸肉及其不同酒制品饮片的特征
[3]
可见，山茱萸不同炮制品功效差异较大，临床不宜 图谱，同时结合色差原理测定其色度值；采用聚类分析、
混用。 主成分分析、偏最小二乘法-判别分析等化学模式识别
2020年版《中国药典》（一部）中记载，酒萸肉饮片的 进行分析，旨在为山萸肉饮片及其不同酒制品饮片的快
炮制方法为酒炖或酒蒸 。安徽、北京、云南、浙江等地 速鉴别及质量综合评价提供参考。
[2]
[3]
多采用酒蒸，而江苏、广西则多采用酒炖 。2020 年版 1 材料
《中国药典》（一部）中对酒萸肉饮片的外观性状描述为 1.1 仪器
“形如山茱萸，表面紫黑色或黑色，质滋润柔软，微有酒 实验所用仪器有：H-class 型UPLC仪（包括QSM型
[2]
香气”。中药成分复杂，在炮制的动态过程中，随着饮 四元溶剂管理器、SM-FTN型样品管理器、CH-A型高温
片色泽加深，化学成分的组成与含量也随之变化。在传 柱温箱、光电二极管阵列检测器，美国 Waters 公司）、
统的中药炮制中，多以饮片外观性状、色泽作为炮制终 TS7600 型分光测色仪（深圳市三恩时科技有限公司）、
点的判别指标，但主观性较强，易导致不同产地酒萸肉 XP26 型百万分之一分析天平和 ME204E 型万分之一分
饮片的质量差异较大 [4－6] 。 析天平（瑞士 Mettler Toledo 公司）、Milli-Q Direct 8 型超
2020 年版《中国药典》（一部）对山萸肉和酒萸肉的 纯水系统（德国 Merck 公司）、KQ-500DE 型数控超声波
鉴别项、检查项、浸出物项规定均相同，未有明确区分； 清洗器（昆山市超声仪器有限公司）、H22-X3 型电陶炉
虽然两者的含量测定采用同种指标成分，但以不同限度 （杭州九阳生活电器有限公司）。

中国药房 2021年第32卷第2期 China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 2 ·207 ·