Page 17 - 《中国药房》2020年第24期

制药企业实施药品患者援助项目的行为意愿及影响因素研究 Δ

蒋 蓉 ，葛文霞，邵 蓉（中国药科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心，南京 211198）
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中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2020）24-2955-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.24.02

摘 要 目的：为提升我国制药企业参与药品患者援助项目意愿度、提高我国患者的用药水平和创新药品的可及性、充分挥发医
疗保障体系的补充作用提供借鉴。方法：通过对访谈结果进行扎根理论分析提出制药企业实施药品患者援助项目影响因素的理
论框架，通过对我国制药企业内了解或参与患者援助项目的人员进行问卷调查对上述理论框架进行实证研究，采用Smart PLS 3.0
软件基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型进行数据处理，分析不同因素对制药企业参与患者援助项目意愿度的影响并提出相关建
议。结果与结论：经济效益、市场竞争、社会效益、政策环境对制药企业实施药品患者援助项目的意愿度有显著影响，其路径系数
分别为0.244（P＜0.01）、0.236（P＜0.01）、0.235（P＜0.05）、0.228（P＜0.01），而人力资源效益、合作单位对制药企业实施药品患者援
助项目的意愿度无显著影响（P＞0.05）。经济效益符合企业以盈利为目的的本质，影响程度最为密切，因而企业自身对药品的定
价策略和政府部门的税收政策至关重要。参与市场竞争亦是企业参与患者援助项目的重要因素，越早实施患者援助，相关药品就
越有机会抢占更多市场。社会效益表现为降低患者经济负担、提高生活质量、进而促进社会经济发展，同时为企业树立良好的社
会形象，形成口碑效应。政策环境一般包括法律环境和医保政策，法律规定在一定程度上对制药企业的捐赠行为造成限制，但相
应的监管措施仍必不可少。医保政策与患者援助项目的设立与调整息息相关，医保准入与患者援助项目的衔接需要进一步完
善。因此，从企业角度，建议应当建立药品患者援助项目成本与收益测算体系，拓宽项目的宣传渠道并加大宣传力度；从政府角
度，建议应当加大捐赠税收优惠，完善患者援助监管体系，明确患者援助项目药品的医保准入和调整规则，促进制药企业积极参与
患者援助项目，以助力提高患者用药水平及药品可及性。
关键词 患者援助项目；制药企业；行为意愿；基于偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型
Study on Behavior Willingness and Influential Factors of Pharmaceutical Enterprises in Implementing
Drug Patient Assistance Program
JIANG Rong，GE Wenxia，SHAO Rong（Research Center of National Drug Policy and Ecosystem，China
Pharmaceutical University，Nanjing 211198，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To improve the willingness of chinese pharmaceutical enterprises to participate in drug patient
assistance programs，improve the level of drug use and access to innovative drugs in China and fully evaporate the supplementary
role of the medical security system. METHODS：Through grounded theoretical analysis of the interview results，the theoretical
framework of the factors affecting the implementation of drug patient assistance programs by pharmaceutical companies was
proposed. The above theoretical framework was empirically studied through questionnaire survey on the personnel who understood
or participated in drug patient assistance program in Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises. Based on partial least squares structural
equation model，Smart PLS 3.0 software was used for data processing to analyze the influence of different factors on the
willingness of pharmaceutical companies to participate in drug patient assistance programs，and the relevant suggestions were put
forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：Economic benefits，market competition，social benefits and policy environment have
significants impacts on the willingness of pharmaceutical enterprises to implement drug patient assistance programs. The path
coefficients were 0.244 （P＜0.01），0.236 （P＜0.01），0.235 （P＜0.05），0.228 （P＜0.01）. Human resource efficiency and
cooperation unit have no significant effects on the willingness of pharmaceutical enterprises to implement drug patient assistance
programs（P＞0.05）. Economic benefits are in line with the nature of enterprises’profit-making and have the most close influence.
Therefore，the pricing strategy of drugs and the tax policies of government departments are very important for enterprises.
Participation in market competition is also an important factor for enterprises to participate in patient assistance programs. The
earlier the implementation of patient assistance，the more opportunities of relevant drugs will be to seize more markets. The social
benefits manifest as reducing the economic burden of patients，
Δ 基金项目：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目
improving the quality of life，and promoting the social and
（No.2019SJA0059）；中国药科大学“双一流”学科创新团队建设项目
economic development. At the same time，enterprises have set
（No.CPU2018GY39）
＊讲师，博士。研究方向：社会与管理药学。电话：025-86185193。 up good social image and forms a word-of-mouth effect. The
E-mail：jiangr_0_0@163.com policy environment generally includes the legal environment
# 通信作者：教授，博士生导师。研究方向：药事管理、医药政策 and medical insurance policies. The legal provisions restrict
与法规。电话：025-86185193。E-mail：shaorong118@163.com the donations of pharmaceutical enterprises to a certain extent，

中国药房 2020年第31卷第24期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 24 ·2955 ·