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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the rationality of discharged prescriptions. METHODS:According
to the prescriptions that were often judged as forbidden or not recommended(such as irrational dosage and course of treatment,
off-label drug use,drug interaction,medication suitability,dosage form) in the pre-audit system of discharged prescriptions
(hereinafter referred to as the“audit system”)of Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University(hereinafter referred to as
the“our hospital”),combined with actual case analysis,the clinical pharmacists looked for evidence-based evidence and evaluate
it,communicated with the clinician for feedback,maintained the content of misjudgment in the intercepted prescription in real
time,set up the relevant rules of audit in the audit system,evaluated the effect and put forward suggestions to improve the
scientificity and accuracy of the audit results of the discharged prescription. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:For prescriptions that
were judged to be forbidden or not recommended by the system,such as the limited daily dose of Morphine hydrochloride tablet in
patients with cancer pain,the daily maximum dose of calcium sulfate D3 after thyoidetomy,hyper-indication use of megestrol
acetate after chemotherapy for rectal cancer,off-label usage of vitamin B6 after postpartum delivery,the combined use of
clopidogrel bisulfate and oxcarbazepine after intracranial infection,clinical contraindication of enteral nutrition powder after
intestinal obstruction,unsuitable dose of Dabigatran ester capsule after atrial fibrillation surgery and so on,the clinical pharmacist
looked for evidence-based evidence,evaluated and communicated with the clinician. The relevant rules were updated to the audit
system in real time. On the whole,the audit system improves the work efficiency and the scientificity and accuracy of the audit
results, but it is necessary to improve the professional knowledge level of the pharmacists, the ability to find and use
evidence-based evidence,the accuracy of the audit system and the acceptance and recognition of the audit results by doctors,so as
to enhance the rationality of the discharged prescription,reduce medication security risks.
KEYWORDS Evidence-based evidence;Discharged prescription;Pre-audit system;Practice;Rational drug use
出院带药处方是患者药物治疗过程中一个重要的 院带药处方前置审核流程图见图1。
环节,同时也是容易出现安全隐患的节点之一。患者从 无提醒
机
住院到出院,药物治疗方案可能发生改变,对出院带药 医 器
师 审 无需干预 打
这个节点进行管理,可有力地促进药物治疗的连续性与 开 方 有提醒 印
具 实时 出
协调性。因此,为保证患者出院药物治疗的有效性和安 出 沟通 维护 药 院
带
院
带 反馈 需要干预:循证查询 师 药
全性,审核出院带药处方的合理性至关重要。药师在调 药 审 处
处 反馈意见 方 干预后 方
配前对处方进行合理性审核是有效拦截问题处方、保障 方
经医师修改后
合理用药的重要手段 。在“新医改”大背景下,利用循
[1]
证证据进行处方前置审核,通过信息化手段协助药师审 图1 出院带药处方前置审核流程图
核处方,实现全部出院带药处方在计费前的审核,提高 Fig 1 Flow chart of pre-audit system for discharged
药师处方干预的有效性和准确性,及时、有效地拦截不 prescriptions
合理处方显得尤为重要。本研究利用福建医科大学附 前置审核借助处方审核干预系统能很大程度上协
属协和医院(以下简称“我院”)自主开发的处方审核干 助药师迅速、精确地作出干预判断,但拦截处方的合理
[2]
预系统 ,通过对出院带药处方前置审核中拦截处方的 性仍需药师作出进一步的判断,对可能存在误判、漏判
合理性进行循证证据评价并对用药规则进行实时维护, 的处方进行备案申请,查找有无循证证据[包括查询中
以期为提高医院出院带药处方的合理性提供参考。 英文原研药品说明书、马丁代尔药典、最新临床指南、医
1 我院出院带药处方前置审核流程 学文献数据库(PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、维普
我院出院带药处方前置审核具体流程如下:一张出 网、万方数据库、中国知网)等权威数据库],对于申请通
院带药处方开出后,需先经系统审核,根据处方问题类 过的合理处方录入进系统知识库,形成新的规则,从而
型严重程度设置干预等级,包括一般禁用(黑灯警示)、 形成良性的闭环式药事管理。笔者针对我院出院带药
不推荐(红灯警示)、慎用(黄灯警示)、适度关注(绿灯警 处方前置审核运行中的具体问题,基于循证证据加以分
示)4 个等级。其中,一般禁用、不推荐这 2 个等级的处 析并进行维护,以期达到用药的实时和精细化管理。
方为系统默认不合理处方,系统默认标注后再由药师审 2 我院出院带药处方前置审核系统常见不合理处
核。若药师判定处方合理,即可立即通过;若药师判定 方及其循证证据评价
处方不合理,需向医师提出反馈意见,医师根据反馈意 2.1 基于循证证据的剂量及处方开具疗程的精细化
见修改后再审 ;若医师不接受反馈意见,需要药师进行 设置
[3]
循证查询,将查询到的循证结果与医师进行沟通,并与 例 1:患者癌痛。出院带药:盐酸吗啡片口服,60
医师达成共识,同时将与医师达成的共识实时维护更 mg,q12 h,连用 7 d。系统审核为黑灯警示:一般禁用。
新,以此促进出院带药处方用药的实时精细化管理。出 警示内容:盐酸吗啡片极量每次30 mg,每日100 mg。
中国药房 2020年第31卷第15期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 15 ·1911 ·