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基于巨噬细胞极化探究清热化痰活血方抗动脉粥样硬化的作用
机制
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钟华平 ,朱启城 ,邹征伟 ,何正义 ,谢和平 ,陈 旭 ,段志胜 ,肖 天 (1.赣南医科大学第一附属医院心脏
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中心,江西 赣州 341000;2.赣南医科大学第一附属医院南康院区心血管内科,江西 赣州 341000)
中图分类号 R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2026)04-0438-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.04.05
摘 要 目的 基于巨噬细胞极化探究清热化痰活血方抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)的作用机制。方法 制备清热化痰活血方含药血清,
以阿托伐他汀为阳性对照,用以处理RAW264.7巨噬细胞;检测巨噬细胞活性、凋亡率和CD86、CD206的荧光强度以及肿瘤坏死
因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)水平。将喂食高脂饲料的载脂蛋白e基因缺乏(ApoE )小鼠(AS模型小鼠)随机分为模
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型组、阿托伐他汀组(2.6 mg/kg)及清热化痰活血方低、中、高剂量组(90、180、360 mg/kg),另将喂食普通饲料的C57BL/6J小鼠作
为正常对照组,每组10只;给药组小鼠灌胃相应药物,每日1次,连续8周。检测各组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β水平,观察主动脉
脂质沉积情况(以主动脉整体及根部斑块占比计)和主动脉根部的形态学变化,检测主动脉组织中CD86、CD206表达水平及诱导
型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)、AMP激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)、磷酸化AMPK(p-AMPK)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活
受体(PPAR-γ)蛋白表达水平。结果 细胞实验结果显示,5~100 μg/mL清热化痰活血方含药血清能显著提高RAW264.7细胞活
性(P<0.05),10、50、100 μg/mL 清热化痰活血方含药血清和阿托伐他汀能显著降低 RAW264.7 细胞凋亡率、CD86 荧光强度和
TNF-α、IL-1β水平,并显著升高CD206荧光强度(P<0.05)。动物实验结果显示,与模型组比较,清热化痰活血方各剂量组和阿托
伐他汀组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β水平,主动脉整体及根部斑块占比,CD86表达和iNOS蛋白表达均显著降低/下调,而CD206表
达和Arg-1、PPAR-γ蛋白表达以及AMPK磷酸化表达均显著上调(P<0.05);主动脉病理形态均有不同程度改善。结论 清热化痰
活血方可通过调控巨噬细胞极化,增加M2型巨噬细胞比例,进而有效抑制AS斑块形成、减轻炎症反应,发挥抗AS的作用。
关键词 清热化痰活血方;巨噬细胞极化;动脉粥样硬化;AMPK/PPAR-γ信号通路
Mechanism of action of Qingre huatan huoxue decoction against atherosclerosis based on macrophage
polarization
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ZHONG Huaping ,ZHU Qicheng ,ZOU Zhengwei ,HE Zhengyi ,XIE Heping ,CHEN Xu ,DUAN Zhisheng ,
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XIAO Tian(1. Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Ganzhou
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341000, China;2. Dept. of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nankang Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of
Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi Ganzhou 341000, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of Qingre huatan huoxue decoction against atherosclerosis (AS)
based on macrophage polarization. METHODS Using atorvastatin served as the positive control, the drug-containing serum of the
Qingre huatan huoxue decoction was prepared to treat RAW264.7 macrophages. Macrophage viability, apoptosis rate, and the
fluorescence intensities of CD86 and CD206 were measured, along with the levels of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) and
interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/- ) mice (AS model mice) fed with a high-fat diet were randomly
assigned to model group, atorvastatin group (2.6 mg/kg), and low- , medium- and high-dose groups of Qingre huatan huoxue
decoction (90, 180, 360 mg/kg), respectively. C57BL/6J mice fed with a standard diet served as the normal control group, with
10 mice per group. The treatment group mice were administered the corresponding drugs intragastrically, once daily, for 8
consecutive weeks. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured in all groups. Lipid deposition in the aorta (assessed by the
percentage of plaque in the entire aorta and aortic root) and morphological changes in the aortic root were observed. Expression
levels of CD86 and CD206 in aortic tissue, as well as the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),
arginase-1 (Arg-1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-
activated receptor γ (PPAR- γ) in aortic tissues were all
Δ 基金项目 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(No.GJJ2201440)
*第一作者 主治医师,硕士。研究方向:心血管疾病基础与临床。 detected. RESULTS Cell experiment results showed that, at
E-mail:zhonghuaphp@163.com concentrations of 5-100 μg/mL, the drug-containing serum of
# 通信作者 副主任医师。研究方向:心血管内科疾病诊治。 the Qingre huatan huoxue decoction significantly increased
E-mail:xlz123xlz123@163.com RAW264.7 cell viability (P<0.05). The drug-containing
· 438 · China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 4 中国药房 2026年第37卷第4期

