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·综述·


          基于肠道菌群-胆汁酸轴的中医药治疗功能性便秘机制研究进
          展
              Δ


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          孔祥瑞 ,张齐猛 ,邹 跃 ,梁 勇 ,石 宇 ,张 洋 ,张虹玺 (1. 辽宁中医药大学研究生学院,沈阳
                 1*
                                                                      2 #
                                                             2
                                                     2
                           1
          110847;2.辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院肛肠科,沈阳 110005)
          中图分类号  R965      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2026)02-0244-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.02.19
          摘   要  功能性便秘(FC)是一种常见的肠道功能紊乱性疾病,主要表现为排便次数减少、排便困难、排便不尽感及粪便干结等症
          状,严重影响患者的生活质量。研究表明,FC的发病机制与肠道菌群紊乱和胆汁酸分泌异常密切相关。胆汁酸作为内源性天然
          泻药,通过促进结肠分泌与调节肠道运动发挥通便作用;而肠道菌群则可通过调节肠神经系统、免疫系统及其代谢产物影响结肠
          传导功能。本文在概述肠道菌群与胆汁酸代谢关系的基础上,系统综述了中医药通过调控肠道菌群-胆汁酸轴的平衡治疗FC机
          制的研究现状,发现单味中药(如白术)、中药单体(如桔梗多糖)、中药复方(如上二黄丸)、针刺、艾灸均能通过上调益生菌丰度,重
          塑菌群结构,纠正胆汁酸代谢,激活武田G蛋白偶联受体5/法尼醇X受体通路从而治疗FC。
          关键词  功能性便秘;肠道菌群;胆汁酸;中医药;单体;复方;针灸

          Research  progress  on  the  mechanisms  of  traditional  Chinese  medicine  in  treating  functional  constipation
          based on the gut microbiota-bile acid axis
          KONG Xiangrui ,ZHANG Qimeng ,ZOU Yue ,LIANG Yong ,SHI Yu ,ZHANG Yang ,ZHANG Hongxi
                                                                    1
                                                                             2
                                                                                            2
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                                                                                                             2
                                          1
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         (1.  Graduate  School,  Liaoning  University  of  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine,  Shenyang  110847,  China;2.  Dept.
          of  Anorectal  Surgery,  the  Third  Affiliated  Hospital  of  Liaoning  University  of  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine,
          Shenyang 110005, China)
          ABSTRACT    Functional  constipation (FC)  is  a  common  functional  disorder  of  the  intestines,  mainly  characterized  by  reduced
          bowel  movement  frequency,  difficulty  in  defecation,  a  sensation  of  incomplete  evacuation,  and  hard  stools,  which  severely  affect
          patients’  quality of  life.  Research indicates that the pathogenesis of  FC  is  closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis  and abnormal
          bile  acid  secretion.  Bile  acids,  as  endogenous  natural  laxatives,  promote  bowel  movements  by  enhancing  colonic  secretion  and
          regulating intestinal motility; meanwhile, gut microbiota influence colonic transit function by regulating the enteric nervous system,
          immune  system,  and  their  metabolic  products.  Based  on  an  overview  of  the  relationship  between  gut  microbiota  and  bile  acid
          metabolism,  this  article  systematically  reviews  the  current  research  status  on  the  mechanisms  of  traditional  Chinese  medicine
         (TCM) in treating FC by regulating the balance of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. It is found that single Chinese medicinal herbs
         (such  as  Atractylodes  macrocephala),  isolated  compounds (such  as  Platycodon  grandiflorum  polysaccharides),  herbal  formulas
         (such  as  Shanger  huang  pill),  acupuncture,  and  moxibustion  can  up-regulate  the  abundance  of  beneficial  bacteria,  reshape  the
          microbial  structure,  correct  bile  acid  metabolism,  and  activate  the  Takeda  G-protein  receptor  5/farnesoid  X  receptor  pathway  to
          treat FC.
          KEYWORDS     functional  constipation;  gut  microbiota;  bile  acids;  traditional  Chinese  medicine;  monomer;  compound;
          acupuncture and moxibustion



              功能性便秘(functional constipation,FC)是一种常           排便困难、排便不尽及粪便干结等症状,严重影响患者
          见的肠道功能紊乱性疾病,主要表现为排便次数减少、                            的生活质量 。全球范围内的流行病学数据显示,FC的
                                                                        [1]
                                                                                        [2]
                                                              患病率普遍维持在 10%~15% ,而我国 FC 的患病率为
              Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82174371);辽宁省                [3]                                [4]
                                                              8.5% ,且在女性及老年人群中的发病率较高 。FC 的
          科学技术计划项目(No.2022JH2/101300060);沈阳市科学技术计划项
                                                              病因复杂,涉及肠动力障碍、肠道感觉异常、精神心理异
          目(No.24-214-3-186,No.24-214-3-188)                  常、生活习惯改变等多个方面,近年来肠道菌群与胆汁
             *第一作者 博士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治便秘的基础与临
                                                                                                 [5]
                                                              酸代谢在FC治疗中的作用逐渐受到关注 。
          床研究。E-mail:kongxiangrui9461@163.com
              # 通信作者 主任医师,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中医药防治                     肠道菌群作为人体最大的共生菌群,在维持肠道稳
          便秘的基础与临床研究。E-mail:zhanghongxi999@163.com            态及调控肠道功能方面发挥关键作用。已有研究指出,

          · 244 ·    China Pharmacy  2026 Vol. 37  No. 2                               中国药房  2026年第37卷第2期
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