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·综述·
基于肠道菌群-胆汁酸轴的中医药治疗功能性便秘机制研究进
展
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孔祥瑞 ,张齐猛 ,邹 跃 ,梁 勇 ,石 宇 ,张 洋 ,张虹玺 (1. 辽宁中医药大学研究生学院,沈阳
1*
2 #
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110847;2.辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院肛肠科,沈阳 110005)
中图分类号 R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2026)02-0244-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.02.19
摘 要 功能性便秘(FC)是一种常见的肠道功能紊乱性疾病,主要表现为排便次数减少、排便困难、排便不尽感及粪便干结等症
状,严重影响患者的生活质量。研究表明,FC的发病机制与肠道菌群紊乱和胆汁酸分泌异常密切相关。胆汁酸作为内源性天然
泻药,通过促进结肠分泌与调节肠道运动发挥通便作用;而肠道菌群则可通过调节肠神经系统、免疫系统及其代谢产物影响结肠
传导功能。本文在概述肠道菌群与胆汁酸代谢关系的基础上,系统综述了中医药通过调控肠道菌群-胆汁酸轴的平衡治疗FC机
制的研究现状,发现单味中药(如白术)、中药单体(如桔梗多糖)、中药复方(如上二黄丸)、针刺、艾灸均能通过上调益生菌丰度,重
塑菌群结构,纠正胆汁酸代谢,激活武田G蛋白偶联受体5/法尼醇X受体通路从而治疗FC。
关键词 功能性便秘;肠道菌群;胆汁酸;中医药;单体;复方;针灸
Research progress on the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in treating functional constipation
based on the gut microbiota-bile acid axis
KONG Xiangrui ,ZHANG Qimeng ,ZOU Yue ,LIANG Yong ,SHI Yu ,ZHANG Yang ,ZHANG Hongxi
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(1. Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China;2. Dept.
of Anorectal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Shenyang 110005, China)
ABSTRACT Functional constipation (FC) is a common functional disorder of the intestines, mainly characterized by reduced
bowel movement frequency, difficulty in defecation, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, and hard stools, which severely affect
patients’ quality of life. Research indicates that the pathogenesis of FC is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal
bile acid secretion. Bile acids, as endogenous natural laxatives, promote bowel movements by enhancing colonic secretion and
regulating intestinal motility; meanwhile, gut microbiota influence colonic transit function by regulating the enteric nervous system,
immune system, and their metabolic products. Based on an overview of the relationship between gut microbiota and bile acid
metabolism, this article systematically reviews the current research status on the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM) in treating FC by regulating the balance of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. It is found that single Chinese medicinal herbs
(such as Atractylodes macrocephala), isolated compounds (such as Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides), herbal formulas
(such as Shanger huang pill), acupuncture, and moxibustion can up-regulate the abundance of beneficial bacteria, reshape the
microbial structure, correct bile acid metabolism, and activate the Takeda G-protein receptor 5/farnesoid X receptor pathway to
treat FC.
KEYWORDS functional constipation; gut microbiota; bile acids; traditional Chinese medicine; monomer; compound;
acupuncture and moxibustion
功能性便秘(functional constipation,FC)是一种常 排便困难、排便不尽及粪便干结等症状,严重影响患者
见的肠道功能紊乱性疾病,主要表现为排便次数减少、 的生活质量 。全球范围内的流行病学数据显示,FC的
[1]
[2]
患病率普遍维持在 10%~15% ,而我国 FC 的患病率为
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82174371);辽宁省 [3] [4]
8.5% ,且在女性及老年人群中的发病率较高 。FC 的
科学技术计划项目(No.2022JH2/101300060);沈阳市科学技术计划项
病因复杂,涉及肠动力障碍、肠道感觉异常、精神心理异
目(No.24-214-3-186,No.24-214-3-188) 常、生活习惯改变等多个方面,近年来肠道菌群与胆汁
*第一作者 博士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治便秘的基础与临
[5]
酸代谢在FC治疗中的作用逐渐受到关注 。
床研究。E-mail:kongxiangrui9461@163.com
# 通信作者 主任医师,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中医药防治 肠道菌群作为人体最大的共生菌群,在维持肠道稳
便秘的基础与临床研究。E-mail:zhanghongxi999@163.com 态及调控肠道功能方面发挥关键作用。已有研究指出,
· 244 · China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 2 中国药房 2026年第37卷第2期

