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扶正类中成药临床使用风险及监护要点分析
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          孙 欢 ,翟巧利,徐 婕,楼 冰,公丕君,辛蓓玮(上海市第七人民医院药学部,上海 200137)
                                                       #
          中图分类号  R932;R969.3      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)23-2974-04
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.23.16

          摘   要  目的  探究扶正类中成药的临床使用风险及监护要点。方法  统计2024年版《国家基本药物目录》中所列的扶正类中成
          药品种,并使用“丁香园”等软件收集说明书,按照“药物名称”“成分”“禁忌”“注意事项”“药物相互作用”等进行分类和整理,依据
          2020年版《中国药典》等相关标准规范中药饮片的名称,通过查阅文献资料整理特殊人群禁忌的中药饮片、扶正类中成药及相关
          临床应用等方面的信息,依靠院内信息系统最终建立扶正类中成药数据库,以此来深入探究扶正类中成药的临床使用风险及监护
          要点。结果  共纳入 222 种扶正类中成药,其中肝肾功能异常者禁用/慎用 91 种(占比 40.99%),高血压患者禁用/慎用 9 种(占比
          4.05%),儿童禁用/慎用8种(占比3.60%),运动员禁用/慎用109种(占比49.10%)。结论  扶正类中成药适用于虚证,存在一定的临
          床使用风险;肝肾功能不全等易高发不良反应的人群,用药时需特别注意。
          关键词  扶正类中成药;使用风险;药学监护;安全用药;特殊人群

          Clinical risk and monitoring essentials of tonifying Chinese patent medicine
          SUN Huan,ZHAI Qiaoli,XU Jie,LOU Bing,GONG Pijun,XIN Beiwei(Dept.  of  Pharmacy,  Shanghai  Seventh
          People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200137, China)

          ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE  To  explore  the  clinical  risks  and  monitoring  essentials  associated  with  tonifying  Chinese  patent
          medicine.  METHODS  The  varieties  of  tonifying  Chinese  patent  medicines  listed  in  the  National  Basic  Drug  List (2024  edition)
          were  counted.  Package  inserts  were  collected  using  software  such  as “Dingxiangyuan”  and  then  classified  and  organized  according
          to  criteria  such  as “drug  name”“ingredients”“contraindications”“precautions”“drug  interactions”. The  names  of  traditional  Chinese
          medicine (TCM)  decoction  pieces  were  standardized  in  accordance  with  the  Chinese  Pharmacopoeia (2020  edition)  and  other
          relevant  standards;  literature  was  reviewed  to  compile  information  on  TCM  decoction  pieces  that  required  caution/were
          contraindicated in special populations, as well as tonifying Chinese patent medicines and their related clinical applications. Then, a
          database for tonifying Chinese patent medicines was ultimately established by relying on the hospital’s internal information system,
          so as to conduct an in-depth exploration of the clinical usage risks and key monitoring points of tonifying Chinese patent medicines.
          RESULTS A total of 222 tonifying traditional Chinese medicines were evaluated. Contraindications or requirements for cautious use
          were identified in 91 (40.99%) for hepatic or renal impairment, 9 (4.05%) for hypertension, and 8 (3.60%) for pediatric patients,
          and  109 (49.10%)  were  designated  as  contraindicated  or  requiring  caution  for  athletes.  CONCLUSIONS  Although  tonifying
          Chinese  patent  medicines  are  indicated  for  deficiency  patterns,  their  use  is  accompanied  by  measurable  clinical  risk,  especially  in
          individuals with hepatic or renal compromise who are prone to adverse reactions.
          KEYWORDS     tonifying traditional Chinese medicine; clinical risk; pharmaceutical care; safe use of drugs; special populations


              扶正类中成药是指具有补充人体气血阴阳、扶助正                          从特殊人群的特殊需求与风险、药物相互作用、长期使
          气、改善虚弱等作用,用于气虚、血虚、阴虚、阳虚等多种                          用的安全性等方面进行药学监护,在应用时严格遵循
                                          [1]
          虚证及慢性病辅助治疗的一类中成药 。临床上该类药                           “辨证施治”的原则,避免“误补”或“滥补”,例如气虚证
          物使用广泛。但是,部分扶正类中成药中可能含有损害                            应选用补气药(如四君子汤),阴虚证应选用滋阴药(如
          肝肾功能、影响血压或具有妊娠毒性的成分,因此对于                            六味地黄丸),阳虚者忌用寒凉类补药等。此外,研究显
          肝肾功能不全、高血压、孕妇等不良反应高发的特殊人                            示,扶正类中成药能通过激活或抑制多种免疫细胞、细
                                     [2]
          群,使用该类药物时需特别注意 。                                    胞因子来调节免疫系统,可用于改善机体免疫功能、增
                                                                                    [1]
              在扶正类中成药的临床应用过程中,临床药师主要                          强抵抗力以辅助治疗疾病 。例如在肿瘤治疗中,扶正
                                                              类中成药可与放射、化学治疗联用以增强患者免疫力,
              Δ 基金项目 上海浦东新区卫生健康委员会学科建设计划项目
                                                              但这时需监测该类药物对患者免疫状态的动态改变,避
         (No. PWZxk2022-07);上海浦东新区“国家中医药发展综合改革试验
                                                              免过度免疫激活引发不良反应或免疫抑制从而削弱抗
          区”建设项目(No. PDZY-2024-1405)                          肿瘤效果 。对于慢性疾病患者和亚健康状态人群,长
                                                                      [3]
             *第一作者 中药师,硕士。研究方向:临床中药学。E-mail:
                                                              期使用扶正类中成药可能改变机体免疫稳态,需监测是
          1228768746@qq.com
              # 通信作者 主管中药师,硕士研究生。研究方向:临床中药学。                  否引发自身免疫紊乱,如过敏性疾病等。
          E-mail:xinbeiwei890226@163.com                          为了保障扶正类中成药在临床应用的安全性和有

          · 2974 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 23                            中国药房  2025年第36卷第23期
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