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GLP-1受体激动剂降脂作用机制及临床应用的研究进展 Δ
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朱艳娇 ,高 蕊 ,宗慧颖 ,李安安 ,周芃霖 ,何 帅 ,吴希超 ,李 妍 [1.山东第一医科大学第一附属医院
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(山东省千佛山医院)药学部/山东省儿童药物临床评价与研发工程技术研究中心/山东省医药卫生临床药学重
点实验室,济南 250014;2.山东中医药大学药学院,济南 250355]
中图分类号 R972+.6;R96 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)20-2615-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.20.23
摘 要 胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂是一类新型降糖药物,兼具降脂和心血管保护作用,利拉鲁肽和司美格鲁肽是其
代表药物。本文基于系统的文献检索,综述了利拉鲁肽和司美格鲁肽直接作用于肝肾(调控自噬、关键脂质代谢通路、胆固醇逆向
转运等途径)、直接作用于脂肪组织(影响脂肪细胞增殖与分化、脂质代谢蛋白表达及基因转录)、通过中枢神经系统激活交感神经
通路、调节肠道微生物群等降脂机制,还总结了其在2型糖尿病(T2DM)、超重等人群中的临床降脂证据。上述内容表明,GLP-1
受体激动剂可通过作用于多个组织或系统而发挥降脂作用,为深入阐明此类药物在血脂调节中的分子机制及挖掘潜在的临床应
用新思路提供了重要依据。
关键词 胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂;降脂作用;机制;临床研究;利拉鲁肽;司美格鲁肽
Research progress on the lipid-lowering mechanisms and clinical application of GLP-1 receptor agonists
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ZHU Yanjiao ,GAO Rui ,ZONG Huiying ,LI An’an ,ZHOU Penglin ,HE Shuai ,WU Xichao ,LI Yan [1. Dept.
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of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital)/Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Evaluation and
Development of Pediatric Drugs/Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan
250014, China;2. School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355,
China]
ABSTRACT Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a novel class of antidiabetic drugs that also possess lipid-
lowering and cardiovascular protective effects, with liraglutide and semaglutide being their representative medications. Based on a
systematic literature search, this review summarizes the lipid-lowering mechanisms by which liraglutide and semaglutide exert direct
effects on the liver and kidney (regulating autophagy, key lipid metabolism pathways, reverse cholesterol transport, etc.), direct
actions on adipose tissue (affecting adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, expression of lipid metabolism proteins, and gene
transcription), activation of sympathetic pathways through the central nervous system, and modulation of the gut microbiota.
Additionally, it summarizes the clinical evidence of their lipid-lowering effects in populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus,
overweight individuals, and others. These findings indicate that GLP-1 receptor agonists exert lipid-lowering effects by acting on
multiple tissues or systems, providing crucial evidence for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these drugs in lipid
regulation and exploring potential new ideas for their clinical applications.
KEYWORDS GLP-1 receptor agonists; lipid-lowering effect; mechanism; clinical research; liraglutide; semaglutide
胰高血糖素样肽 1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1) 优选药物 。研究表明,GLP-1 受体激动剂具有明确的
[2]
受体激动剂是一类新型降糖药物,主要用于治疗2型糖 心血管保护作用,可显著减少心血管死亡、非致死性心
尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM) 。该类药物的低 肌梗死、外周动脉疾病等主要心血管不良事件的发
[1]
血糖风险较低,安全性良好,故常被作为 T2DM 治疗的 生 [3―4] 。而降脂是 GLP-1 受体激动剂实现心血管保护作
Δ 基金项目 山东省药品临床综合评价项目(No.2024YZ002) 用的有效手段之一,具有重要的临床意义。利拉鲁肽
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:临床药学。E-mail:zhu6919@ (liraglutide)和司美格鲁肽(semaglutide)是 GLP-1 受体
163.com
激动剂中最具代表性的两种药物,二者在降脂方面均展
# 通信作者 主任药师,硕士生导师。研究方向:临床药学。
E-mail:li_xyan@126.com 现出了明确的多重获益。尽管“降脂”尚未成为上述药
中国药房 2025年第36卷第20期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 20 · 2615 ·

