Page 124 - 《中国药房》2025年18期
P. 124

·综述·


          中药调控NLRP3炎症小体干预肾纤维化的作用机制研究进展                                                                   Δ


          黄辰杰 ,袁文萋,卢姚宏,晏子友(江西中医药大学临床医学院,南昌 330004)
                *
                                        #
          中图分类号  R931.6;R256.5;R285      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)18-2334-07
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.18.21

          摘   要  肾纤维化(RF)以肾小球硬化及肾小管间质纤维化为特征,是慢性肾脏病的核心病理过程。核苷酸结合结构域富含亮氨
          酸重复序列和含热蛋白结构域受体3(NLRP3)炎症小体与RF的发生发展关系密切。本文系统阐述了NLRP3炎症小体在RF中的
          作用机制,并综述了单味中药、中药有效成分、中药复方及中成药通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活从而防治RF的研究现状。结果
          显示,单味中药(红果参、盾叶薯蓣)、中药有效成分(莫诺苷、甘草素、迷迭香酸、木兰碱、褐藻胶等)、中药复方(补肾活血方、通络益
          肾汤、十指方、萆薢分清饮)及中成药(苏茵解毒颗粒)可通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体的激活以拮抗炎症损伤,从而影响其激活的多
          条通路(NLRP3/胱天蛋白酶1/消皮素D、NLRP3/白细胞介素1β/Smad等)及相关上下游靶点,有效减少细胞焦亡、减轻氧化应激、
          促进线粒体自噬、抑制成纤维细胞活化等,减少细胞外基质过度沉积,进而发挥抗RF的作用。
          关键词  NLRP3炎症小体;肾纤维化;中药;作用机制;慢性肾脏病

          Research progress on the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine regulating NLRP3 inflammasome to
          intervene in renal fibrosis
          HUANG Chenjie,YUAN Wenqi,LU Yaohong,YAN Ziyou(Clinical  Medical  College,  Jiangxi  University  of
          Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China)

          ABSTRACT    Renal  fibrosis (RF),  characterized  by  glomerulosclerosis  and  tubulointerstitial  fibrosis,  is  a  central  pathological
          process  in  chronic  kidney  disease (CKD). The  nucleotide-binding  domain  leucine-rich  repeat  and  pyrin  domain-containing  receptor
          3 (NLRP3)  inflammasome  is  closely  linked  to  the  occurrence  and  progression  of  RF.  This  review  systematically  elucidates  the
          mechanisms  of  the  NLRP3  inflammasome  in  RF,  and  summarizes  the  current  research  on  the  inhibition  of  NLRP3  inflammasome
          activation  by  single  Chinese  herbs,  active  components  of  traditional  Chinese  medicine,  Chinese  herbal  compounds,  and  Chinese
          patent  medicines  for  the  prevention  and  treatment  of  RF.  The  existing  studies  have  demonstrated  that  single  Chinese  herbs
         (Campanumoea  lancifolia,  Dioscorea  zingiberensis) ,  active  components  of  traditional  Chinese  medicine  (morroniside,
          liquiritigenin,  rosmarinic  acid,  magnoflorine,  fucoidan,  etc.),  Chinese  herbal  compounds (Bushen  huoxue  formula,  Tongluo
          yishen  decoction,  Shizhi  formula,  Bixie  fenqing  drink),  and  Chinese  patent  medicine (Suyin  jiedu  granule)  can  inhibit  the
          activation  of  the  NLRP3  inflammasome  to  counteract  inflammatory  damage.  This  affects  multiple  pathways(NLRP3/caspase-1/
          gasdermin  D,  NLRP3/interleukin-1β/Smad,  etc.)  and  related  upstream  and  downstream  targets  of  its  activation,  effectively
          reducing  pyroptosis,  mitigating  oxidative  stress,  promoting  mitochondrial  autophagy,  inhibiting  fibroblast  activation,  and  reducing
          excessive extracellular matrix deposition, thereby exerting anti-RF effects.
          KEYWORDS     NLRP3 inflammasome; renal fibrosis; traditional Chinese medicine; mechanism; chronic kidney disease



              慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)常隐匿起          (renal fibrosis,RF)是 CKD 的核心病理过程,常始于肾
          病、持续进展,若缺乏有效干预,将发展为终末期肾病,                           小管上皮细胞损伤,受损的肾小管上皮细胞释放趋化及
          造成巨大的健康及经济负担。据统计,CKD影响全球约                           促炎性细胞因子,进而介导炎症反应,而炎症细胞会分
                                                              泌大量促纤维化因子,并激活肌成纤维细胞,加速细胞
          8.5亿人,在我国的患病率达10.6%,并逐年递增;预估到
                                                              外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)沉积,形成“损伤-炎
                                              [1]
          2040 年,该病将成为全球第五大死亡原因 。肾纤维化
                                                              症-纤维化”的恶性循环,加重肾小球硬化及肾小管间质
              Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82260908,No.81960843)      纤维化,最终导致肾功能衰竭 。研究表明,炎症反应是
                                                                                       [2]
             *第一作者 住院医师,博士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治肾病。
                                                              RF 过程中的关键因素,而核苷酸结合结构域富含亮氨
          E-mail:1521848943@qq.com
                                                              酸 重 复 序 列 和 含 热 蛋 白 结 构 域 受 体 3(nucleotide-
              # 通信作者 主任医师,教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中医
          药防治肾病。E-mail:13970025368@163.com                    binding  domain  leucine-rich  repeat  and  pyrin  domain-

          · 2334 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 18                            中国药房  2025年第36卷第18期
   119   120   121   122   123   124   125   126   127   128   129