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·综述·
中药调控NLRP3炎症小体干预肾纤维化的作用机制研究进展 Δ
黄辰杰 ,袁文萋,卢姚宏,晏子友(江西中医药大学临床医学院,南昌 330004)
*
#
中图分类号 R931.6;R256.5;R285 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)18-2334-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.18.21
摘 要 肾纤维化(RF)以肾小球硬化及肾小管间质纤维化为特征,是慢性肾脏病的核心病理过程。核苷酸结合结构域富含亮氨
酸重复序列和含热蛋白结构域受体3(NLRP3)炎症小体与RF的发生发展关系密切。本文系统阐述了NLRP3炎症小体在RF中的
作用机制,并综述了单味中药、中药有效成分、中药复方及中成药通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活从而防治RF的研究现状。结果
显示,单味中药(红果参、盾叶薯蓣)、中药有效成分(莫诺苷、甘草素、迷迭香酸、木兰碱、褐藻胶等)、中药复方(补肾活血方、通络益
肾汤、十指方、萆薢分清饮)及中成药(苏茵解毒颗粒)可通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体的激活以拮抗炎症损伤,从而影响其激活的多
条通路(NLRP3/胱天蛋白酶1/消皮素D、NLRP3/白细胞介素1β/Smad等)及相关上下游靶点,有效减少细胞焦亡、减轻氧化应激、
促进线粒体自噬、抑制成纤维细胞活化等,减少细胞外基质过度沉积,进而发挥抗RF的作用。
关键词 NLRP3炎症小体;肾纤维化;中药;作用机制;慢性肾脏病
Research progress on the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine regulating NLRP3 inflammasome to
intervene in renal fibrosis
HUANG Chenjie,YUAN Wenqi,LU Yaohong,YAN Ziyou(Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of
Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China)
ABSTRACT Renal fibrosis (RF), characterized by glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is a central pathological
process in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor
3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is closely linked to the occurrence and progression of RF. This review systematically elucidates the
mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RF, and summarizes the current research on the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome
activation by single Chinese herbs, active components of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal compounds, and Chinese
patent medicines for the prevention and treatment of RF. The existing studies have demonstrated that single Chinese herbs
(Campanumoea lancifolia, Dioscorea zingiberensis) , active components of traditional Chinese medicine (morroniside,
liquiritigenin, rosmarinic acid, magnoflorine, fucoidan, etc.), Chinese herbal compounds (Bushen huoxue formula, Tongluo
yishen decoction, Shizhi formula, Bixie fenqing drink), and Chinese patent medicine (Suyin jiedu granule) can inhibit the
activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome to counteract inflammatory damage. This affects multiple pathways(NLRP3/caspase-1/
gasdermin D, NLRP3/interleukin-1β/Smad, etc.) and related upstream and downstream targets of its activation, effectively
reducing pyroptosis, mitigating oxidative stress, promoting mitochondrial autophagy, inhibiting fibroblast activation, and reducing
excessive extracellular matrix deposition, thereby exerting anti-RF effects.
KEYWORDS NLRP3 inflammasome; renal fibrosis; traditional Chinese medicine; mechanism; chronic kidney disease
慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)常隐匿起 (renal fibrosis,RF)是 CKD 的核心病理过程,常始于肾
病、持续进展,若缺乏有效干预,将发展为终末期肾病, 小管上皮细胞损伤,受损的肾小管上皮细胞释放趋化及
造成巨大的健康及经济负担。据统计,CKD影响全球约 促炎性细胞因子,进而介导炎症反应,而炎症细胞会分
泌大量促纤维化因子,并激活肌成纤维细胞,加速细胞
8.5亿人,在我国的患病率达10.6%,并逐年递增;预估到
外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)沉积,形成“损伤-炎
[1]
2040 年,该病将成为全球第五大死亡原因 。肾纤维化
症-纤维化”的恶性循环,加重肾小球硬化及肾小管间质
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82260908,No.81960843) 纤维化,最终导致肾功能衰竭 。研究表明,炎症反应是
[2]
*第一作者 住院医师,博士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治肾病。
RF 过程中的关键因素,而核苷酸结合结构域富含亮氨
E-mail:1521848943@qq.com
酸 重 复 序 列 和 含 热 蛋 白 结 构 域 受 体 3(nucleotide-
# 通信作者 主任医师,教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中医
药防治肾病。E-mail:13970025368@163.com binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-
· 2334 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 18 中国药房 2025年第36卷第18期

