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group was significantly higher than that in the propofol group, while the proportion of patients with grade Ⅱ anesthesia effect was
          significantly  lower  than  that  in  the  propofol  group (P<0.05).  In  this  group,  the  disappearance  time  of  eyelash  reflex,  the  time
          taken for the bispectral index to drop to 60, and the Ramsay sedation scores (2 and 6 hours after operation) were all significantly
          prolonged or increased, while the recovery time, NRS scores (2 and 6 hours after operation), and the incidence of intraoperative
          hypotension were all significantly shortened or reduced; moreover, the improvements of the above sedation/NRS scores exhibited a
          time-dependent  pattern  within  2  to  24  hours  after  operation (P<0.05).  Compared  with  before  anesthesia  induction (T0 ),  the  heart
          rate  [except  at  2  min  after  medication (T1 ),  60  min  after  anesthesia (T4 ),  and  at  the  end  of  surgery (T5 )  in  the  remimazolam
          group] and mean arterial pressure [except at T1 in the remimazolam group] of patients in both groups significantly decreased at T1, 5
          min  after  medication (T2 ),  at  the  start  of  surgery (T3 ),  T4,  and  T5 (P<0.05).  Meanwhile,  regional  cerebral  oxygen  saturation
          significantly increased in both groups. Furthermore, the heart rate and mean arterial pressure of patients in the remimazolam group
          were  significantly  higher  than  those  in  the  propofol  group  at T1, T2  and T4 (P<0.05).  No  statistically  significant  differences  were
          observed  between  the  two  groups  in  terms  of  postanesthesia  care  unit  stay  time,  dosage  of  opioids  and  muscle  relaxants,  regional
          cerebral  oxygen  saturation,  or  peripheral  oxygen  saturation  at  various  time  points (P>0.05).  CONCLUSIONS  Compared  to
          propofol, remimazolam demonstrates superior anesthesia effects when used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
          in  elderly  patients  undergoing  thoracoscopic  lobectomy.  It  not  only  provides  more  stable  intraoperative  hemodynamics  and  shortens
          the postoperative recovery time but also effectively reduces the incidence of intraoperative hypotension.
          KEYWORDS    remimazolam;  propofol;  elderly  patients;  thoracoscopic  lobectomy;  lung  cancer;  anesthesia  maintenance;
          anesthesia induction; efficacy



              肺癌作为我国高发病率、高死亡率的呼吸系统恶性                         1 资料与方法
          肿瘤,其外科治疗须兼顾肿瘤根治效果与患者安全。近                           1.1 样本量估算
          年来,胸腔镜肺叶切除术因创伤小、术后恢复快等优势,                              根据预试验数据,瑞马唑仑组麻醉效果为Ⅰ级的患
                                      [1]
          已成为老年肺癌患者的首选术式 。然而,老年患者因                           者比例为55%,丙泊酚组为35%。设定α=0.05(双侧)、
          器官功能衰退、药代动力学参数改变、合并症增多等因                           β=0.2,采用 PASS 15.0 软件计算,每组需患者至少 38
                                     [2]
          素,其对麻醉的耐受性显著降低 。这种耐受性的改变                           例;同时,考虑10%的脱落率,最终需纳入84例,方具有
          会导致患者血流动力学波动、呼吸抑制及术后认知障碍                           足够的统计效能。
                                                       [2]
          风险显著增加,进而直接影响手术安全和康复进程 。                           1.2 纳入与排除标准
          丙泊酚具有起效快、作用时间短、苏醒迅速的优点,是全                              患者的纳入标准包括:(1)符合《中华医学会肿瘤学
          麻诱导及维持的“金标准”药物。然而,该药在老年胸腔                          分会肺癌临床诊疗指南(2021 版)》中肺癌的诊断标准,
                                                             临床分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期[Ⅰ期:T1N0M0或T2aN0M0,肿瘤
          镜手术中存在明显局限:其强效循环抑制作用可导致患
                                                             局限,未累及淋巴结或远处器官,适合根治性手术(如肺
          者术中低血压的发生,增加患者心脑肾灌注不足风险;
                                                             叶切除术);Ⅱ期:T2bN1M0 或 T3N1M0,肿瘤较大或存
          其剂量依赖性呼吸抑制作用会阻碍患者术后快速拔管,
                                                             在局部淋巴结转移,但仍可通过手术联合辅助治疗实现
          注射痛可诱发应激反应,从而影响手术安全及术后康
                                                             较好的预后];(2)年龄≥60 岁,均在重庆大学附属三峡
          复 [3―4] 。瑞马唑仑作为新型超短效苯二氮 类药物,其血
                                                             医院(下称“我院”)行胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗;(3)美国
          流动力学更加稳定,对循环系统的抑制作用明显弱于丙
                                                             麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,
          泊酚;同时,其呼吸抑制存在“封顶效应”,可降低患者呼
                                                             ASA)分级为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级;(4)患者或其法定代理人同意参
          吸抑制风险;加之其不存在注射痛,也不依赖肝肾代谢,
                                                             与本次研究并签署知情同意书,明确知晓研究目的、潜
                          [5]
          故更适合老年患者 。目前,瑞马唑仑仍有若干关键临
                                                             在风险及退出权利。
          床问题尚未得到解决,如其诱导速度较慢(睫毛反射消
                                                                 患者的排除标准包括:(1)对所用药物(瑞马唑仑、
          失时间较长)是否会影响麻醉效率、如何控制其在胸腔                           丙泊酚等)过敏或存在禁忌证者;(2)合并严重心血管疾
          镜肺叶切除术等强刺激操作中的麻醉深度、其应激抑制                           病[如不稳定型心绞痛、未控制的高血压、严重心律失
          效果如何、能否在维持血流动力学稳定的同时缩短患者                           常 、纽 约 心 脏 病 协 会(New  York  Heart  Association,
                                    [6]
          苏醒时间并改善术后早期恢复 等,故有必要对该药在                           NYHA)心功能分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)]、严重脑血管疾病(如近
          老年胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的麻醉诱导及维持效果进行                            期脑卒中、重度颈动脉狭窄)、严重呼吸系统疾病[如慢
          评价。基于此,本研究拟采用前瞻性试验设计,以丙泊                           性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期、肺功能第1秒用力呼气量
          酚为对照,评价瑞马唑仑用于老年胸腔镜肺叶切除术患                          (forced expiratory volume in first second,FEV1 )/用力肺
          者全麻诱导及维持的有效性和安全性,以期为临床优化                           活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)<70%)]、肝肾功能不全
          老年手术患者麻醉方案提供参考。                                    [Child-Pugh 分级≥B 级、估算肾小球滤过率(estimated


          中国药房  2025年第36卷第16期                                              China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 16    · 2041 ·
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