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抗CD20单抗在儿童难治性肾病综合征中的临床应用进展 Δ
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向金波 ,沈官国 ,李 政 ,胡小燕 ,曹婷婷 ,徐自然 ,丁 婷 ,李静波(1. 三峡大学附属仁和医院儿科,
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湖北 宜昌 443001;2.宜昌市夷陵医院儿科,湖北 宜昌 443001)
中图分类号 R967;R979.5;R726.9 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)16-2078-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.16.22
摘 要 抗 CD20 单抗在儿童难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的治疗中具有有效性。第一代利妥昔单抗的临床应用最为广泛,其对
RNS患儿的疗效确切,获得了指南推荐,尤其对微小病变性肾病的缓解率较高,可显著减少激素和免疫抑制剂的累积使用量;第二
代奥法妥木单抗在利妥昔单抗不耐受或耐药患者中有替代治疗潜力;第三代奥妥珠单抗则在利妥昔单抗耐药、移植后复发等复杂
病例中显现出较好的疗效。但关于利妥昔单抗的治疗剂量优化,以及奥法妥木单抗和奥妥珠单抗相较于利妥昔单抗治疗儿童
RNS是否更具优势,仍存在一定争议。抗CD20单抗最常见的不良反应是输液反应,长期不良事件主要是持续免疫抑制和感染风
险增加。利妥昔单抗在儿童RNS的治疗中具有显著的经济性优势,今后需开展基于中国医疗环境的药物经济学研究以评价奥法
妥木单抗和奥妥珠单抗在儿童RNS中的经济性。由于目前奥法妥木单抗与奥妥珠单抗在该领域的使用仍属于超说明书用药,临
床须在严格评估患者获益和风险后使用。
关键词 难治性肾病综合征;儿童;抗CD20单抗;利妥昔单抗;奥法妥木单抗;奥妥珠单抗
Progress in clinical application of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in refractory nephrotic syndrome in
children
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XIANG Jinbo ,SHEN Guanguo ,LI Zheng ,HU Xiaoyan ,CAO Tingting ,XU Ziran ,DING Ting ,LI Jingbo 1
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(1. Dept. of Pediatrics, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Hubei Yichang 443001,
China;2. Dept. of Pediatrics, Yiling Hospital of Yichang City, Hubei Yichang 443001, China)
ABSTRACT Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS) in children. The first-
generation rituximab is the most widely used in clinical practice; it shows definite efficacy in children with RNS, is recommended
by guidelines, particularly for achieving a high remission rate in minimal change nephrosis, and can significantly reduce the
cumulative use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. The second-generation ofatumumab has potential as an alternative
treatment for patients who are intolerant or resistant to rituximab, while the third-generation obinutuzumab has shown efficacy in
complex cases such as rituximab resistance or post-transplant recurrence. However, there is still controversy regarding the
optimization of rituximab treatment dosage and whether ofatumumab and obinutuzumab offer greater advantages than rituximab for
the treatment of RNS in children. The most common adverse reaction induced by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies is infusion
reactions, and long-term adverse events mainly include increased risks of sustained immunosuppression and infections. Rituximab
has significant economic advantages for the treatment of RNS, but additional pharmacoeconomic research based on China’s
healthcare environment is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ofatumumab and obinutuzumab in this population. Given that
the current use of ofatumumab and obinutuzumab in this field is considered off-label use, clinical application should only proceed
after a rigorous evaluation of the patient’s benefits and risks.
KEYWORDS refractory nephrotic syndrome; children; anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody; rituximab; ofatumumab; obinutuzumab
激素依赖、抵抗及频繁复发是儿童难治性肾病综合 征(refractory nephrotic syndrome,RNS)的典型临床特
[1]
征 。RNS 的发病率占儿童肾病综合征的 50% 以上,主
Δ 基金项目 湖北省自然科学基金(No.2022CFB328);肿瘤微环境
与免疫治疗湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(No.2022KZL2-09,No. 要的病理类型是微小病变型肾病(minimal change ne‐
2023KZL09,No.2024ZLKF2-01);2025 年三峡大学专业学位研究生案 phrosis,MCD)和局灶节段性肾小球硬化(focal segmen‐
例库建设项目(No.ALK202509) tal glomerulosclerosis,FSGS) 。据统计,MCD 患儿中,
[2]
*第一作者 副主任医师,副教授,硕士。研究方向:儿童肾病。E-
有 15%~25% 会持续复发,部分病例可迁延至成年;
mail:415326896@qq.com
FSGS 患儿的预后更为不良,约 60% 可在 5 年内迅速进
# 通信作者 副 主 任 医 师 。 研 究 方 向 :儿 科 临 床 。 E-mail:
498890067@qq.com 展为终末期肾病 [3―4] 。RNS的传统治疗方案是糖皮质激
· 2078 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 16 中国药房 2025年第36卷第16期

