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抗CD20单抗在儿童难治性肾病综合征中的临床应用进展                                                               Δ



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          向金波 ,沈官国 ,李 政 ,胡小燕 ,曹婷婷 ,徐自然 ,丁 婷 ,李静波(1. 三峡大学附属仁和医院儿科,
                 1*
          湖北 宜昌 443001;2.宜昌市夷陵医院儿科,湖北 宜昌 443001)
          中图分类号  R967;R979.5;R726.9      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)16-2078-07
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.16.22
          摘   要  抗 CD20 单抗在儿童难治性肾病综合征(RNS)的治疗中具有有效性。第一代利妥昔单抗的临床应用最为广泛,其对
          RNS患儿的疗效确切,获得了指南推荐,尤其对微小病变性肾病的缓解率较高,可显著减少激素和免疫抑制剂的累积使用量;第二
          代奥法妥木单抗在利妥昔单抗不耐受或耐药患者中有替代治疗潜力;第三代奥妥珠单抗则在利妥昔单抗耐药、移植后复发等复杂
          病例中显现出较好的疗效。但关于利妥昔单抗的治疗剂量优化,以及奥法妥木单抗和奥妥珠单抗相较于利妥昔单抗治疗儿童
          RNS是否更具优势,仍存在一定争议。抗CD20单抗最常见的不良反应是输液反应,长期不良事件主要是持续免疫抑制和感染风
          险增加。利妥昔单抗在儿童RNS的治疗中具有显著的经济性优势,今后需开展基于中国医疗环境的药物经济学研究以评价奥法
          妥木单抗和奥妥珠单抗在儿童RNS中的经济性。由于目前奥法妥木单抗与奥妥珠单抗在该领域的使用仍属于超说明书用药,临
          床须在严格评估患者获益和风险后使用。
          关键词  难治性肾病综合征;儿童;抗CD20单抗;利妥昔单抗;奥法妥木单抗;奥妥珠单抗

          Progress  in  clinical  application  of  anti-CD20  monoclonal  antibody  in  refractory  nephrotic  syndrome  in
          children
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          XIANG Jinbo ,SHEN Guanguo ,LI Zheng ,HU Xiaoyan ,CAO Tingting ,XU Ziran ,DING Ting ,LI Jingbo      1
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         (1.  Dept.  of  Pediatrics,  Affiliated  Renhe  Hospital  of  China  Three  Gorges  University,  Hubei  Yichang  443001,
          China;2. Dept. of Pediatrics, Yiling Hospital of Yichang City, Hubei Yichang 443001, China)
          ABSTRACT    Anti-CD20  monoclonal  antibodies  for  the  treatment  of  refractory  nephrotic  syndrome (RNS)  in  children.  The  first-
          generation rituximab is the most widely used in clinical practice; it shows definite efficacy in children with RNS, is recommended
          by  guidelines,  particularly  for  achieving  a  high  remission  rate  in  minimal  change  nephrosis,  and  can  significantly  reduce  the
          cumulative  use  of  glucocorticoids  and  immunosuppressants.  The  second-generation  ofatumumab  has  potential  as  an  alternative
          treatment  for  patients  who  are  intolerant  or  resistant  to  rituximab,  while  the  third-generation  obinutuzumab  has  shown  efficacy  in
          complex  cases  such  as  rituximab  resistance  or  post-transplant  recurrence.  However,  there  is  still  controversy  regarding  the
          optimization of rituximab treatment dosage and whether ofatumumab and obinutuzumab offer greater advantages than rituximab for
          the  treatment  of  RNS  in  children.  The  most  common  adverse  reaction  induced  by  anti-CD20  monoclonal  antibodies  is  infusion
          reactions,  and  long-term  adverse  events  mainly  include  increased  risks  of  sustained  immunosuppression  and  infections.  Rituximab
          has  significant  economic  advantages  for  the  treatment  of  RNS,  but  additional  pharmacoeconomic  research  based  on  China’s
          healthcare environment is needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ofatumumab and obinutuzumab in this population. Given that
          the  current  use  of  ofatumumab  and  obinutuzumab  in  this  field  is  considered  off-label  use,  clinical  application  should  only  proceed
          after a rigorous evaluation of the patient’s benefits and risks.
          KEYWORDS     refractory nephrotic syndrome; children; anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody; rituximab; ofatumumab; obinutuzumab



              激素依赖、抵抗及频繁复发是儿童难治性肾病综合                          征(refractory nephrotic syndrome,RNS)的典型临床特
                                                                [1]
                                                              征 。RNS 的发病率占儿童肾病综合征的 50% 以上,主
              Δ 基金项目 湖北省自然科学基金(No.2022CFB328);肿瘤微环境
          与免疫治疗湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(No.2022KZL2-09,No.              要的病理类型是微小病变型肾病(minimal change ne‐
          2023KZL09,No.2024ZLKF2-01);2025 年三峡大学专业学位研究生案       phrosis,MCD)和局灶节段性肾小球硬化(focal segmen‐
          例库建设项目(No.ALK202509)                                tal glomerulosclerosis,FSGS) 。据统计,MCD 患儿中,
                                                                                      [2]
             *第一作者 副主任医师,副教授,硕士。研究方向:儿童肾病。E-
                                                              有 15%~25% 会持续复发,部分病例可迁延至成年;
          mail:415326896@qq.com
                                                              FSGS 患儿的预后更为不良,约 60% 可在 5 年内迅速进
              #  通信作者 副 主 任 医 师 。 研 究 方 向 :儿 科 临 床 。 E-mail:
          498890067@qq.com                                    展为终末期肾病       [3―4] 。RNS的传统治疗方案是糖皮质激

          · 2078 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 16                            中国药房  2025年第36卷第16期
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