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瑞芬太尼防治苏醒期躁动的作用机制及临床研究进展
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王 娜 1, 2* ,段永博 ,肖中杰 ,宋昱静 ,阎文军 (1.甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,兰州 730099;2.甘
1, 2
肃省人民医院麻醉科,兰州 730013;3.兰州大学第一临床医学院,兰州 730013)
中图分类号 R971+.2;R96 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)15-1947-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.15.23
摘 要 苏醒期躁动(EA)是全麻术后常见的并发症,尤其在儿童和青少年中发病率较高。瑞芬太尼作为一种超短效μ受体激动
剂,因具有快速苏醒和低呼吸抑制风险的特点,成为防治EA的重要药物。本文综述了瑞芬太尼防治EA的作用机制与临床研究
进展,发现其作用机制涉及传统的μ受体激活机制和基于神经-内分泌-免疫网络的潜在新机制(包括小胶质细胞炎症通路的调控、
细胞因子与趋化因子的调节等)。临床研究表明,瑞芬太尼可显著缩短苏醒时间、降低EA发生率,并可通过与其他药物(如局麻
药、镇静药、阿片类药物)联合应用,进一步优化镇痛效果和苏醒质量。未来研究应进一步探索瑞芬太尼的作用机制,优化临床治
疗策略,并开展大规模临床试验以标准化用药方案,同时还应关注该药的远期效果,发展多模式治疗方案,以推动EA防治方案的
进一步发展。
关键词 瑞芬太尼;苏醒期躁动;神经免疫机制;临床应用
Mechanism and clinical research progress of remifentanil in the prevention and treatment of emergence
agitation
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WANG Na ,DUAN Yongbo ,XIAO Zhongjie ,SONG Yujing ,YAN Wenjun(1. First School of Clinical
Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou 730099, China;2. Dept.of Anesthesiology, Gansu
Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730013, China;3. First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730013, China)
ABSTRACT Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication after general anesthesia, especially in children and
adolescents. Remifentanil, as a short-acting μ-receptor agonist, has become an important drug for the prevention and treatment of
EA due to its rapid recovery and low risk of respiratory depression. This article reviews the mechanism of action and clinical
research progress of remifentanil in the prevention and treatment of EA. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of pain
signals mediated by traditional μ -receptor activation and potential new mechanism based on neural-endocrine-immune network,
including regulation of microglial inflammatory pathways, and the modulation of cytokines and chemokines,etc. Clinical studies
have shown that remifentanil can significantly shorten the recovery time, reduce the incidence of EA, and further optimize the
analgesic effect and recovery quality by combining with other drugs (such as local anesthetics, sedatives, and opioid drugs). Future
research should further explore the mechanism of action of remifentanil, optimize clinical treatment strategies, and conduct large-
scale clinical trials to standardize the drug use plan, while paying attention to its long-term effects and the development of
multimodal treatment plans to promote the further development of EA prevention and treatment plans.
KEYWORDS remifentanil; emergence agitation; neuroimmune mechanisms; clinical applications
苏醒期躁动(emergence agitation,EA)是全麻后常 乱、行为亢进和情绪焦虑等症状。经历 EA 的患者不仅
见的临床表现,其特征是在术后苏醒阶段出现意识混 在麻醉恢复室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)的停留
时间延长,还面临不良事件风险的显著增加,包括伤口
Δ 基金项目 甘肃省重点研发计划项目(No.23YFFA0046);甘肃省
裂开和管道脱出等,这些都可能对其预后产生不利影
科技计划项目(No.21JR7RA621,No.21JR7RA675);甘肃省重点人才
[1]
项目(No.2023RCXM13);兰州市科技计划项目(No.2023-1-47) 响 。最新研究表明,患者 EA 的发生率各不相同,大约
*第一作者 医师,硕士研究生。研究方向:围手术期器官保护、围
从 0.25% 到 90.50% 不等,其中儿童和青少年的 EA 发病
手术期镇痛。E-mail:349917542@qq.com
[2]
率更高 。瑞芬太尼作为一种超短效阿片类药物,因起
# 通信作者 主任医师,教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:围手
术期器官保护、围手术期镇痛。E-mail:13893370700@163.com 效快和代谢迅速,在多种手术麻醉中备受推崇。它不仅
中国药房 2025年第36卷第15期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 15 · 1947 ·

