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瑞芬太尼防治苏醒期躁动的作用机制及临床研究进展
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          王 娜    1, 2* ,段永博 ,肖中杰 ,宋昱静 ,阎文军 (1.甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,兰州 730099;2.甘
                                     1, 2
          肃省人民医院麻醉科,兰州 730013;3.兰州大学第一临床医学院,兰州 730013)
          中图分类号  R971+.2;R96      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)15-1947-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.15.23

          摘  要  苏醒期躁动(EA)是全麻术后常见的并发症,尤其在儿童和青少年中发病率较高。瑞芬太尼作为一种超短效μ受体激动
          剂,因具有快速苏醒和低呼吸抑制风险的特点,成为防治EA的重要药物。本文综述了瑞芬太尼防治EA的作用机制与临床研究
          进展,发现其作用机制涉及传统的μ受体激活机制和基于神经-内分泌-免疫网络的潜在新机制(包括小胶质细胞炎症通路的调控、
          细胞因子与趋化因子的调节等)。临床研究表明,瑞芬太尼可显著缩短苏醒时间、降低EA发生率,并可通过与其他药物(如局麻
          药、镇静药、阿片类药物)联合应用,进一步优化镇痛效果和苏醒质量。未来研究应进一步探索瑞芬太尼的作用机制,优化临床治
          疗策略,并开展大规模临床试验以标准化用药方案,同时还应关注该药的远期效果,发展多模式治疗方案,以推动EA防治方案的
          进一步发展。
          关键词  瑞芬太尼;苏醒期躁动;神经免疫机制;临床应用

          Mechanism  and  clinical  research  progress  of  remifentanil  in  the  prevention  and  treatment  of  emergence
          agitation
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          WANG Na ,DUAN Yongbo ,XIAO Zhongjie ,SONG Yujing ,YAN Wenjun(1.  First  School  of  Clinical
          Medicine,  Gansu  University  of  Chinese  Medicine,Lanzhou  730099,  China;2.  Dept.of  Anesthesiology,  Gansu
          Provincial  Hospital,  Lanzhou  730013,  China;3.  First  School  of  Clinical  Medicine,  Lanzhou  University,
          Lanzhou 730013, China)
          ABSTRACT   Emergence  agitation (EA)  is  a  common  complication  after  general  anesthesia,  especially  in  children  and
          adolescents.  Remifentanil,  as  a  short-acting  μ-receptor  agonist,  has  become  an  important  drug  for  the  prevention  and  treatment  of
          EA  due  to  its  rapid  recovery  and  low  risk  of  respiratory  depression.  This  article  reviews  the  mechanism  of  action  and  clinical
          research  progress  of  remifentanil  in  the  prevention  and  treatment  of  EA.  Its  mechanism  of  action  involves  the  inhibition  of  pain
          signals  mediated  by  traditional  μ -receptor  activation  and  potential  new  mechanism  based  on  neural-endocrine-immune  network,
          including  regulation  of  microglial  inflammatory  pathways,  and  the  modulation  of  cytokines  and  chemokines,etc.  Clinical  studies
          have  shown  that  remifentanil  can  significantly  shorten  the  recovery  time,  reduce  the  incidence  of  EA,  and  further  optimize  the
          analgesic effect and recovery quality by combining with other drugs (such as local anesthetics, sedatives, and opioid drugs). Future
          research  should  further  explore  the  mechanism  of  action  of  remifentanil,  optimize  clinical  treatment  strategies,  and  conduct  large-
          scale  clinical  trials  to  standardize  the  drug  use  plan,  while  paying  attention  to  its  long-term  effects  and  the  development  of
          multimodal treatment plans to promote the further development of EA prevention and treatment plans.
          KEYWORDS    remifentanil; emergence agitation; neuroimmune mechanisms; clinical applications


              苏醒期躁动(emergence agitation,EA)是全麻后常             乱、行为亢进和情绪焦虑等症状。经历 EA 的患者不仅
          见的临床表现,其特征是在术后苏醒阶段出现意识混                            在麻醉恢复室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)的停留
                                                             时间延长,还面临不良事件风险的显著增加,包括伤口
             Δ 基金项目 甘肃省重点研发计划项目(No.23YFFA0046);甘肃省
                                                             裂开和管道脱出等,这些都可能对其预后产生不利影
          科技计划项目(No.21JR7RA621,No.21JR7RA675);甘肃省重点人才
                                                               [1]
          项目(No.2023RCXM13);兰州市科技计划项目(No.2023-1-47)          响 。最新研究表明,患者 EA 的发生率各不相同,大约
             *第一作者 医师,硕士研究生。研究方向:围手术期器官保护、围
                                                             从 0.25% 到 90.50% 不等,其中儿童和青少年的 EA 发病
          手术期镇痛。E-mail:349917542@qq.com
                                                                   [2]
                                                             率更高 。瑞芬太尼作为一种超短效阿片类药物,因起
             # 通信作者 主任医师,教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:围手
          术期器官保护、围手术期镇痛。E-mail:13893370700@163.com           效快和代谢迅速,在多种手术麻醉中备受推崇。它不仅
          中国药房  2025年第36卷第15期                                              China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 15    · 1947 ·
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