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·综述·
二甲双胍干预认知障碍相关疾病的作用机制研究进展
Δ
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
刘 源 1, 2* ,许玉珉 1, 2, 3 # ,刘诗雨 ,闫化雨 ,杨 鑫 ,徐红彩 ,吴亚博 (1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院
1, 2
1, 2
脑病科,郑州 450003;2.河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,郑州 450046;3.中西医防治重大疾病河南省协同
创新中心,郑州 450046)
中图分类号 R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)15-1942-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.15.22
摘 要 认知障碍是以记忆、思维、判断等高级认知功能进行性减退为特征的临床综合征,其病因病机复杂,尚缺乏特效药物干
预。二甲双胍作为2型糖尿病的一线降糖药物,除可降低血糖外,其还可改善认知障碍。研究显示,二甲双胍干预CI的作用机制
主要包括调节β淀粉样蛋白与tau蛋白代谢、降低胰岛素抵抗、抑制神经炎症、提高突触可塑性、改善线粒体功能障碍、调节肠道菌
群及脂质代谢等。未来研究需通过多学科交叉协作,充分整合多组学数据,结合先进技术进一步揭示其效应机制。
关键词 二甲双胍;认知障碍;阿尔茨海默病;糖尿病认知障碍;药理作用;机制研究
Research progress on the mechanism of metformin in the intervention of cognitive impairment-related
diseases
1, 2
LIU Yuan ,XU Yumin 1, 2, 3 ,LIU Shiyu ,YAN Huayu ,YANG Xin ,XU Hongcai ,WU Yabo (1. Dept. of
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
1, 2
Encephalopathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003,
China;2. The First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046,
China;3. Henan Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases by
Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China)
ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment (CI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in advanced cognitive
functions such as memory, thinking, and judgment. Its etiology and pathogenesis are complex, and there is currently a lack of
specific drug interventions. Metformin, as a first-line hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes, not only lowers blood glucose levels
but also improves CI. This article reviews and summarizes the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of metformin in improving
Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment after chemotherapy, in order to provide novel insights
and approaches for the treatment of CI-related diseases. Studies have shown that the mechanism by which MET intervenes in CI
mainly includes regulating β-amyloid protein and tau protein metabolism, reducing insulin resistance, inhibiting neuroinflammation,
improving synaptic plasticity, improving mitochondrial dysfunction, regulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, etc. Future
research needs to be conducted through interdisciplinary collaboration, fully integrating multiple omics data, and combining
advanced technologies to further reveal their mechanisms of effect.
KEYWORDS metformin; cognitive impairment; Alzheimer’s disease; diabetes cognitive impairment; pharmacological action;
mechanism research
Δ 基金项目 国家科技重大专项(No.2024ZD0522202);河南省博 认知障碍(cognitive impairment,CI)是以认知功能
士后基金项目(No.HN2022083);河南省医学科技攻关计划省部共建
下降为核心症状的获得性认知功能障碍综合征,主要包
项目(No.SBGJ202302101);2024 年河南省科技发展计划项目(No.
括神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,
242102311255);2023 年度河南省卫生健康委国家中医药传承创新中
心科研专项(No.2023ZXZX1004) AD)和非神经退行性疾病如糖尿病认知障碍、化疗后
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治脑病研究。 [1]
CI、颅脑损伤及药物因素等诱发的认知损伤 。据统
E-mail:878150949@qq.com
计,2021年我国现存的AD及其他类型痴呆患者总数达
# 通信作者 副主任医师,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:中医药防
治脑病研究。E-mail:xuyumin6688@163.com 1 699 万例,约占全球患病人数的 29.8%,且随着我国步
· 1942 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 15 中国药房 2025年第36卷第15期

