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药源性低纤维蛋白原血症临床特征及危险因素的文献分析
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文 笑 ,蔡 乐,高 奥,朱 曼(中国人民解放军总医院医疗保障中心药剂科,北京 100853)
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中图分类号 R969.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)13-1648-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.13.16
摘 要 目的 探讨药源性低纤维蛋白原血症的临床特征及危险因素,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法 收集国内外数据库自建
库起至2024年12月31日药源性低纤维蛋白原血症回顾性病例分析文献,分析患者性别、年龄、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平变化,药物
种类,药源性低纤维蛋白原血症发生率、发生时间、出血率、临床表现、危险因素及保护因素。结果 共纳入回顾性病例分析文献
40篇,涉及患者17 313例。患者年龄为0.83~78.40岁,男性占比16.90%~81.00%;涉及药品5类、13种,包括替加环素、蛇毒血凝
酶、托珠单抗及阿替普酶等。药源性低纤维蛋白原血症的发生率为0~100%,发生时间在用药后2 h至9个月,停药后多数患者的
FIB水平会恢复;出血率为0~91.30%,包括鼻出血、气道出血、消化道出血及脑出血等;危险因素包括高药物剂量、长疗程、腹腔感
染、高龄、低基线FIB水平等;保护因素仅在替加环素研究中提及,包括皮肤和软组织感染及高基线FIB水平。结论 药源性低纤维
蛋白原血症常发生于替加环素、蛇毒血凝酶、托珠单抗等药物使用中,其临床特征因药而异,危险因素包括高药物剂量、长疗程、低
基线FIB水平及高龄等。对于高风险药品,建议个体化给药并监测患者FIB水平。
关键词 低纤维蛋白原血症;药源性;纤维蛋白原;药物不良反应;临床特征;危险因素;文献分析
Literature analysis of clinical features and risk factors of drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia
WEN Xiao,CAI Le,GAO Ao,ZHU Man(Dept. of Pharmacy, Medical Support Center, PLA General Hospital,
Beijing 100853, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore clinical characteristics and risk factors of drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia, providing a
reference for rational clinical drug use. METHODS Retrospective case analyses literature on drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia were
collected from domestic and international databases from their inception to December 31, 2024. The patients’ gender, age,
fibrinogen (FIB) levels before and after treatment, drug types, the incidence of drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia, time of
occurrence, bleeding rates, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and protective factors were all analyzed. RESULTS A total of 40
retrospective case analysis studies were included, involving 17 313 patients. Patient age ranged from 0.83 to 78.40 years, with
males accounting for 16.90%-81.00%. The involved drugs comprised 5 categories and 13 specific agents, including tigecycline,
snake venom hemocoagulase, tocilizumab, and alteplase, etc. The incidence of drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia ranged from 0 to
100%, occurring between 2 hours and 9 months after drug administration, and FIB levels rebounded in most patients after drug
discontinuation. The bleeding rate varied from 0% to 91.30%, including epistaxis, airway bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and
cerebral hemorrhage. Risk factors included high drug dosage, prolonged treatment duration, abdominal infection, advanced age,
and low baseline FIB levels. Protective factors were only mentioned in studies on tigecycline, including skin and soft tissue
infections and high baseline FIB levels. CONCLUSIONS Drug-induced hypofibrinogenemia is commonly associated with
tigecycline, hemocoagulase, and tocilizumab. Its clinical features vary depending on the drug, and risk factors include high drug
dosage, prolonged treatment, low baseline FIB levels, and advanced age. For high-risk medications, individualized medication
management and monitoring of FIB levels are recommended.
KEYWORDS hypofibrinogenemia; drug-induced; fibrinogen; adverse drug reactions; clinical features; risk factors; literature
analysis
纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)是一种仅在肝脏合成 药物是导致低纤维蛋白原血症的主要原因之一。
的血浆糖蛋白,在血栓的形成与稳定中发挥着核心作 近些年,药源性低纤维蛋白原血症的报道逐渐增多,涉
用。在健康人体中,血浆FIB水平低于2.0 g/L时可被诊 及的药物主要有替加环素、托珠单抗、丙戊酸和抗肿瘤
断为低纤维蛋白原血症,而严重低纤维蛋白原血症 药物等 [2―4] 。然而,这些药物中绝大部分的说明书中并
(FIB<1.0 g/L)可能引起严重的出血性疾病,如肺出血、 未明确标注其不良反应包括低纤维蛋白原血症,这可能
胃肠道出血和脑出血,甚至危及生命 。 导致临床对于这一不良反应的关注度不足。目前,药源
[1]
性低纤维蛋白原血症还没有特异性的治疗方法,可通过
Δ 基金项目 首都卫生发展科研专项(No.首发2024-2-5012)
*第一作者 主管药师,博士。研究方向:药物警戒。E-mail: 停用可疑药物和补充FIB替代物来改善。然而,有研究
wenxiao301@163.com 表明,常用的补救措施(包括维生素K1、血浆、冷沉淀或
# 通信作者 副主任药师,硕士。研究方向:药物警戒。E-mail: FIB 浓缩物)并不能显著缩短 FIB 正常水平的恢复时
[5]
zhucindy301@189.cn 间 。因此,探究可能引起低纤维蛋白原血症的药物,是
· 1648 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 13 中国药房 2025年第36卷第13期