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·综述·
结合外泌体的微针经皮给药系统研究进展
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文武龙 ,张炜烨 ,孙 鑫 ,梁 霄 ,杨 婧 ,王 锐 (1.黑龙江中医药大学药学院,哈尔滨 150040;2.黑龙
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江中医药大学基础医学院,哈尔滨 150040)
中图分类号 R943 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)13-1663-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.13.20
摘 要 微针可以穿透皮肤屏障给药而不触及痛觉神经,有效提高经皮给药效率,改善患者依从性。外泌体具有多种生理功能且
具备良好的生物相容性,是天然纳米级药物载体。本文综述了外泌体结合微针治疗疾病的途径与优势,阐述了结合外泌体的微针
经皮给药系统(以下简称为外泌体微针给药系统)在各类疾病中的研究现状。外泌体微针给药系统可分为以外泌体作为治疗剂和
以外泌体作为药物载体两大类:前者因外泌体独特的生理来源可以有效避免常规药物毒性及免疫原性等问题,结合微针后可直接
在特定部位给药,从而大大改善口服给药的代谢消耗和注射给药的患者依从性问题;后者因外泌体的天然囊泡结构及内源性特征
可保护外来药物在体内的代谢并增强靶向性,结合微针后可有效解决疗效好但稳定性差的药物的经皮给药问题。外泌体微针给
药系统目前仍处于实验室阶段,但其在修复脊髓损伤、促进糖尿病溃疡伤口愈合、生发、干预心肌梗死、缓解慢性疼痛等方面展现
出良好的发展前景。
关键词 微针;外泌体;经皮给药;载药系统
Research progress of exosome microneedle drug delivery system
WEN Wulong ,ZHANG Weiye ,SUN Xin ,LIANG Xiao ,YANG Jing ,WANG Rui(1. College of Pharmacy,
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Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;2. College of Basic Medicine,
Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China)
ABSTRACT Microneedles can penetrate the skin barrier to deliver drugs without touching the nociceptive nerves, to effectively
increase the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery and improve patient compliance. Exosomes have multiple physiological
functions and good biocompatibility, and are natural nanoscale drug carriers. This paper reviews the pathways and advantages of
exosomes combined with microneedles for the treatment of diseases, and describes the current research status of exosome
microneedle drug delivery system in various diseases. Exosome microneedles can be divided into two categories: (1) exosomes as
therapeutic agents, their unique physiological origin can effectively avoid the toxicity and immunogenicity of conventional drugs
and other problems; combined with microneedles directly in the specific medication site can greatly improve the metabolic
consumption of oral drug delivery and patient compliance of injection drug delivery. (2) Exosomes as drug carriers, their natural
vesicle structure and endogenous characteristics can protect the metabolism of foreign drugs in the body and enhance the targeting;
combined with microneedles can effectively solve the problem of transdermal delivery of drugs with high efficacy but poor stability.
Exosome microneedle drug delivery system is still in the laboratory stage, but it has shown great development prospects in repairing
spinal cord injury, promoting diabetic ulcer wound healing, germinating, intervening myocardial infraction, relieving chronic pain
and other diseases.
KEYWORDS microneedle; exosome; percutaneous administration; drug loading system
微针是一种由微米级针状结构排列在基座上构成 发展。初代微针的基质材料主要为硅、钛、不锈钢、陶瓷
的微创设备,其针体长 150~1 500 μm,宽 50~250 μm, 等,随着可溶性微针与水凝胶微针的出现,各类可溶解
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尖端厚度 1~25 μm 。1998 年 Henry 等 首次将微针用 材料与水凝胶逐渐成为微针的主流基质材料 。微针能
于透皮给药,此后微针便在生物医学工程中得到了快速 穿透皮肤角质层,使药物绕过皮肤屏障进入血液循环,
最终到达病灶部位发挥治疗作用;且由于针尖未到达真
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82074271) 皮层,故微针给药不会引起疼痛,极大程度地提高了患
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:新药及新剂型。E-mail:
者依从性。
3141283158@qq.com
# 通信作者 教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:新药开发。电 外泌体是一种可由多种细胞分泌、直径范围 30~
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话:0451-87266893。E-mail:wrdx@sina.com 150 nm、具有脂质双层膜结构的囊性小泡 。外泌体携
中国药房 2024年第35卷第13期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 13 · 1663 ·