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基于《第一批罕见病目录》的我国罕见病药物上市情况分析
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彭菲菲 ,蒋君好,鲍宇健,郑 航(重庆医科大学药学院,重庆 400016)
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中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)11-1291-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.11.02
摘 要 目的 考察我国罕见病药物的上市现状、一般特征以及时间发展趋势。方法 基于《第一批罕见病目录》收纳的121种罕
见病,从国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心和药智网数据库中获取相应适应证药物的名称和批准上市信息,提取相关特征变量进
行描述性统计分析。结果 截至2022年12月31日,该目录收纳的121种罕见病中,有治疗药物上市的仅有32种,共涉及79个罕见
病药物。其中,46.84%的药物是国产药,有88.61%的药物被批准成人和儿童都可用;化药占比为67.09%,注射剂占比为59.49%;
按解剖学、治疗学及化学分类系统(ATC)分类,A 类(消化系统用药)是最多的,占比为 20.25%。每年上市的罕见病药物数量在
2021年最多,2018-2021年总体呈上升趋势,2022年呈下降趋势。每年上市的罕见病药物中,按ATC分类,L类(抗肿瘤药及免疫
用药)在2021年上市的数量最多,为5个;按剂型分类,口服制剂在2022年上市的数量最多,注射剂在2021年上市的数量最多。结
论 近年来我国罕见病药物上市数量不断增长,但是还远不能满足患者需求,并且上市的国产罕见病药物还非常缺乏。应进一步
加快罕见病药物的研发,促进罕见病药物的进口与仿制。
关键词 罕见病;罕见病药物;第一批罕见病目录;上市情况;发展趋势
Analysis of the marketing of rare disease drugs in China based on the First Batch of Rare Disease Catalog
PENG Feifei,JIANG Junhao,BAO Yujian,ZHENG Hang(School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing
Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the marketing status, general characteristics, and time trends of rare disease drugs in
China. METHODS Based on 121 kinds of rare diseases included in the First Batch of Rare Disease Catalog, the names and
marketing approval information of corresponding drugs with indications were obtained from the databases of the Center for Drug
Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration and Yaozhi.com, and the relevant characteristic variables were extracted for
descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS As of December 31, 2022, only 32 of 121 rare diseases have therapeutic drugs available
for treatment on the market in China, and 79 rare disease drugs have been approved. Among them, 46.84% of the drugs are
domestic drugs, 88.61% of the drugs are approved for use in both adults and children; 67.09% are chemicals and 59.49% are
injections. According to the ATC classification, Category A (digestive system drugs) is the most, accounting for 20.25%. The
number of rare disease drugs on the market each year is the highest in 2021, with an overall upward trend from 2018 to 2021 and a
downward trend in 2022. Among rare disease drugs on the market each year, according to the ATC classification, the number of
Category L (antineoplastics and immune inhibitors) will be the largest in 2021, being 5. By dosage form, oral medicines were
marketed in the largest number in 2022, and injectable medicines in 2021. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, the number of
approved rare disease drugs in China has been continuously increasing, but it is still far from meeting the needs of patients, and
there is still a lack of domestically approved rare disease drugs. We should further accelerate the research and development of rare
disease drugs, and promote the import and replication of rare disease drugs.
KEYWORDS rare disease; rare disease drugs; the first batch of rare disease catalog; marketing; trend
罕见病是一种发病率低、发病机制复杂甚至不明的 场空间不大、研发成本很高、临床试验招募和开展困难
疾病,多数为慢性疾病,常在儿童期发病,各国对其定义 等原因,罕见病药物的研发是一个世界性难题,仅有约
[2]
[1]
尚未完全统一 。罕见病药物又称罕见病用药、孤儿药, 1%的罕见病具备有效的治疗药品 。
是指用于预防、诊断和治疗罕见病的药物。由于罕见病 2018年5月,国家卫生健康委员会、科技部、工业和
患病人数少、诊断困难、自然史不明以及罕见病药物市 信息化部、国家药品监督管理局、国家中医药管理局五
部门联合发布了《第一批罕见病目录》,涵盖了共121种
Δ 基金项目 重庆市科技计划项目(No.Q20230022) [3]
罕见病 。据公开文献流行病学数据测算,该目录所收
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:临床药学、药事管理。 [4]
E-mail:2021120856@stu.cqmu.edu.cn 录的 121 种罕见病在我国约影响 300 万名患者 。截至
2020年11月,在我国《第一批罕见病目录》纳入的121种
# 通信作者 副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:临床药学、药
事管理。E-mail:scnczh1979@sina.com 罕见病中,仅有74种罕见病在美国、欧盟或日本等地有
中国药房 2024年第35卷第11期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 11 · 1291 ·