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基于《第一批罕见病目录》的我国罕见病药物上市情况分析
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          彭菲菲 ,蒋君好,鲍宇健,郑 航(重庆医科大学药学院,重庆 400016)
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          中图分类号  R95      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2024)11-1291-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.11.02


          摘  要  目的  考察我国罕见病药物的上市现状、一般特征以及时间发展趋势。方法  基于《第一批罕见病目录》收纳的121种罕
          见病,从国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心和药智网数据库中获取相应适应证药物的名称和批准上市信息,提取相关特征变量进
          行描述性统计分析。结果  截至2022年12月31日,该目录收纳的121种罕见病中,有治疗药物上市的仅有32种,共涉及79个罕见
          病药物。其中,46.84%的药物是国产药,有88.61%的药物被批准成人和儿童都可用;化药占比为67.09%,注射剂占比为59.49%;
          按解剖学、治疗学及化学分类系统(ATC)分类,A 类(消化系统用药)是最多的,占比为 20.25%。每年上市的罕见病药物数量在
          2021年最多,2018-2021年总体呈上升趋势,2022年呈下降趋势。每年上市的罕见病药物中,按ATC分类,L类(抗肿瘤药及免疫
          用药)在2021年上市的数量最多,为5个;按剂型分类,口服制剂在2022年上市的数量最多,注射剂在2021年上市的数量最多。结
          论  近年来我国罕见病药物上市数量不断增长,但是还远不能满足患者需求,并且上市的国产罕见病药物还非常缺乏。应进一步
          加快罕见病药物的研发,促进罕见病药物的进口与仿制。
          关键词  罕见病;罕见病药物;第一批罕见病目录;上市情况;发展趋势

          Analysis of the marketing of rare disease drugs in China based on the First Batch of Rare Disease Catalog
          PENG Feifei,JIANG Junhao,BAO Yujian,ZHENG Hang(School  of  Pharmaceutical  Sciences,  Chongqing
          Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China)


          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE  To  investigate  the  marketing  status,  general  characteristics,  and  time  trends  of  rare  disease  drugs  in
          China.  METHODS  Based  on  121  kinds  of  rare  diseases  included  in  the  First  Batch  of  Rare  Disease  Catalog,  the  names  and
          marketing  approval  information  of  corresponding  drugs  with  indications  were  obtained  from  the  databases  of  the  Center  for  Drug
          Evaluation,  National  Medical  Products Administration  and Yaozhi.com,  and  the  relevant  characteristic  variables  were  extracted  for
          descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS As of December 31, 2022, only 32 of 121 rare diseases have therapeutic drugs available
          for  treatment  on  the  market  in  China,  and  79  rare  disease  drugs  have  been  approved.  Among  them,  46.84%  of  the  drugs  are
          domestic  drugs,  88.61%  of  the  drugs  are  approved  for  use  in  both  adults  and  children;  67.09%  are  chemicals  and  59.49%  are
          injections.  According  to  the  ATC  classification,  Category  A (digestive  system  drugs)  is  the  most,  accounting  for  20.25%.  The
          number of rare disease drugs on the market each year is the highest in 2021, with an overall upward trend from 2018 to 2021 and a
          downward  trend  in  2022. Among  rare  disease  drugs  on  the  market  each  year,  according  to  the ATC  classification,  the  number  of
          Category  L (antineoplastics  and  immune  inhibitors)  will  be  the  largest  in  2021,  being  5.  By  dosage  form,  oral  medicines  were
          marketed  in  the  largest  number  in  2022,  and  injectable  medicines  in  2021.  CONCLUSIONS  In  recent  years,  the  number  of
          approved  rare  disease  drugs  in  China  has  been  continuously  increasing,  but  it  is  still  far  from  meeting  the  needs  of  patients,  and
          there  is  still  a  lack  of  domestically  approved  rare  disease  drugs. We  should  further  accelerate  the  research  and  development  of  rare
          disease drugs, and promote the import and replication of rare disease drugs.
          KEYWORDS    rare disease; rare disease drugs; the first batch of rare disease catalog; marketing; trend


              罕见病是一种发病率低、发病机制复杂甚至不明的                         场空间不大、研发成本很高、临床试验招募和开展困难
          疾病,多数为慢性疾病,常在儿童期发病,各国对其定义                          等原因,罕见病药物的研发是一个世界性难题,仅有约
                                                                                          [2]
                      [1]
          尚未完全统一 。罕见病药物又称罕见病用药、孤儿药,                          1%的罕见病具备有效的治疗药品 。
          是指用于预防、诊断和治疗罕见病的药物。由于罕见病                               2018年5月,国家卫生健康委员会、科技部、工业和
          患病人数少、诊断困难、自然史不明以及罕见病药物市                           信息化部、国家药品监督管理局、国家中医药管理局五
                                                             部门联合发布了《第一批罕见病目录》,涵盖了共121种
             Δ 基金项目 重庆市科技计划项目(No.Q20230022)                        [3]
                                                             罕见病 。据公开文献流行病学数据测算,该目录所收
             *第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:临床药学、药事管理。                                                             [4]
          E-mail:2021120856@stu.cqmu.edu.cn                  录的 121 种罕见病在我国约影响 300 万名患者 。截至
                                                             2020年11月,在我国《第一批罕见病目录》纳入的121种
             # 通信作者 副教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:临床药学、药
          事管理。E-mail:scnczh1979@sina.com                     罕见病中,仅有74种罕见病在美国、欧盟或日本等地有


          中国药房  2024年第35卷第11期                                              China Pharmacy  2024 Vol. 35  No. 11    · 1291 ·
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