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·药学研究·
基于定性、定量方法的浮小麦与小麦差异成分分析
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李雪娇 1, 2* ,胡 雨 ,陈 赟 ,商 娟 ,李臻阳 ,封云铧 ,邹建东 ,姚卫峰 ,卢 苏 ,许美娟 (1.南京中
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医药大学附属医院,南京 210029;2.南京中医药大学第一临床医学院,南京 210023)
中图分类号 R284;R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)11-1296-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.11.03
摘 要 目的 分析浮小麦和小麦的成分差异,为二者的鉴定及质量控制提供参考。方法 收集20批浮小麦和3批小麦药材,采用
高效液相色谱法,利用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012版)绘制指纹图谱并进行相似度评价,应用聚类分析(CA)、主成
分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对不同产地浮小麦及小麦样品进行差异分析,筛选差异成分,并测定浮小
麦和小麦中6个指认成分的含量。结果 浮小麦指纹图谱的相似度为0.928~0.996,小麦与浮小麦的相似度为0.761~0.773;在浮
小麦和小麦中共标定19个共有峰,指认出了6个成分,分别为亚麻酸、亚油酸、5-十七烷基间苯二酚、5-十九烷基间苯二酚、5-二十
一烷基间苯二酚和5-二十三烷基间苯二酚。CA、PCA结果显示,浮小麦和小麦能明显区分;产地为安徽的浮小麦的分布较为集
中。OPLS-DA结果显示,亚麻酸、亚油酸及其他6个未知化合物为浮小麦和小麦的差异成分。浮小麦中上述6个指认成分的平均
含量分别为0.100 9、1.094 0、0.005 1、0.030 9、0.098 2、0.024 8 mg/g,且浮小麦中亚麻酸、亚油酸的含量均显著高于小麦(P<0.05)。
结论 所建定性、定量测定方法操作简单、结果可靠,可用于浮小麦和小麦的鉴别及质量评价。亚麻酸、亚油酸等差异成分可为浮
小麦和小麦的鉴别及药效学差异研究提供线索。
关键词 浮小麦;小麦;指纹图谱;含量测定;化学计量学分析;差异成分;高效液相色谱法
Differential component analysis between Fructus Tritici Levis and Triticum aestivum based on qualitative
and quantitative methods
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LI Xuejiao ,HU Yu ,CHEN Yun ,SHANG Juan ,LI Zhenyang ,FENG Yunhua ,ZOU Jiandong ,
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YAO Weifeng ,LU Su ,XU Meijuan(1. The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,
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Nanjing 210029, China;2. The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,
Nanjing 210023, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the compositional differences between Fructus Tritici Levis and Triticum aestivum, and to
provide reference for identification and quality control of both. METHODS Twenty batches of Fructus Tritici Levis and three
batches of T. aestivum were collected, and their fingerprints were acquired by high-performance liquid chromatography and the
similarities were evaluated by the Evaluation System of Similarity of Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(2012 version). Cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant
analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed to analyze the difference of Fructus Tritici Levis and T. aestivum from different regions, and
the differential components were screened. The contents of the six identified components in Fructus Tritici Levis and T. aestivum
were determined. RESULTS The similarities of the fingerprints of Fructus Tritici Levis ranged from 0.928 to 0.996, and the
relative similarities of T. aestivum with Fructus Tritici Levis ranged from 0.761 to 0.773. A total of 19 common peaks were
calibrated, and six components including linolenic acid, linoleic acid, 5-heptadecylresorcinol, 5-nonadodecylresorcinol, 5-
heneicosylresorcinol, and 5-tricosylresorcinol were identified. The results of CA and PCA showed that Fructus Tritici Levis and T.
aestivum could be clearly distinguished; the distribution of Fructus Tritici Levis from Anhui province was relatively concentrated.
The results of OPLS-DA showed that linolenic acid, linoleic
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82374005);江苏省 acid, and other six unknown compounds were the differential
中医药科技发展计划重点项目(No.ZD202206);南京中医药大学自然 components between Fructus Tritici Levis and T. aestivum. The
科学基金立项项目(No.XZR2020015);江苏省研究生实践创新计划项
average contents of the six identified components in Fructus
目(No.SJCX23_0750)
Tritici Levis were 0.100 9, 1.094 0, 0.005 1, 0.030 9, 0.098 2,
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量标
准。E-mail:lixuejiao1025@163.com and 0.024 8 mg/g, respectively; the contents of linolenic acid
# 通信作者 研究员,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:中药药效物质 and linoleic acid in Fructus Tritici Levis were significantly
基础与质量标准。E-mail:windcolour11@126.com higher than those in T. aestivum (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS
· 1296 · China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 11 中国药房 2024年第35卷第11期