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磺酸。其中,与CON组比较,DOX组小鼠心脏组织中二                               Gingko  biloba  protects  cardiomyocytes  against  acute
          十二碳六烯酸、花生四烯酸、磷脂酰胆碱(16∶0/20∶5)、磷                          doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxida‐
          脂酰胆碱(16∶0/18∶3)的表达均显著下调;而经GA干预                           tive stress[J]. J Pak Med Assoc,2019,69(Suppl 3)(8):
          后,上述指标均显著上调,提示这些代谢物可能是GA减                                S103-S107.
                                                              [ 5 ]  宋忠军,朱晓青,何艳,等. 银杏黄酮苷元对多柔比星治
          轻 DOX 心脏毒性的潜在靶点。此外,与 CON 组比较,
                                                                   疗肝癌的增效减毒作用[J]. 中国药房,2022,33(16):
          DOX组小鼠心脏组织中牛磺酸的表达升高;经GA干预
                                                                   1937-1942,1949.
          后,小鼠心脏组织中牛磺酸的表达显著下调,提示GA可
                                                                   SONG Z J,ZHU X Q,HE Y,et al. Effects of increasing
          能通过下调牛磺酸的表达来减轻DOX的心脏毒性。                                  efficacy  and  decreasing  toxicity  of  ginkgo  flavone  agly‐
              二十二碳六烯酸是一种人体必需的ω-3多不饱和脂                              cone  on  doxorubicin  in  the  treatment  of  liver  cancer[J].
          肪酸。研究表明,该成分可通过抑制脂质超载、减少细                                 China Pharm,2022,33(16):1937-1942,1949.
          胞凋亡来提升脂质超载所致损伤细胞的活力;同时,该                            [ 6 ]  FAZZINI L,CAGGIARI L,DEIDDA M,et al. Metabolo‐
          成分还可通过发挥抗氧化作用来减轻DOX致大鼠急性                                 mic  profiles  on  antiblastic  cardiotoxicity:new  perspec‐
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          心肌梗死后的心肌纤维化程度 。花生四烯酸是一种                                  tives  for  early  diagnosis  and  cardioprotection[J].  J  Clin
          ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸,可经CYP2J2酶代谢生成EETs;同                           Med,2022,11(22):6745.
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          时,DOX 可被 CYP2J2 酶代谢生成 7-脱氧多柔比星苷
                                                                   plication  in  the  treatment  of  coronary  heart  disease  with
          元,后者可通过竞争性结合 CYP2J2 酶的活性位点而导
                                                                   traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chin J Nat Med,2019,17
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          致花生四烯酸介导的心肌损伤修复过程受阻 。磷脂
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          酰胆碱亦称卵磷脂,在心肌细胞中广泛表达。DOX可使                           [ 8 ]  SHAO M M,XIANG H J,LU H,et al. Candidate metabo‐
          磷脂酰胆碱氧化生成氧化磷脂,该产物可影响线粒体中                                 lite markers of peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients
          钙离子变化及铁死亡过程,从而引起细胞死亡 。研究                                 with type 2 diabetes[J]. Am J Transl Res,2022,14(8):
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          指出,发生心肌梗死或HF时,机体磷脂酰胆碱代谢会出                                5420-5440.
          现紊乱;而磷脂酰胆碱可参与调控氧化应激、炎症反应                            [ 9 ]  SUN X,ZHU Y M,LI F,et al. Cardioprotective mecha‐
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          等过程,对心肌损伤有一定的改善作用 。牛磺酸是一                                 nism  and  active  compounds  of  Folium  ginkgo  on
          种β-氨基酸,在心脏中含量较高。DOX可引起心脏组织                               adriamycin-induced  cardiotoxicity:a  network  pharmaco-
                                                                   logy study[J]. Comput Math Methods Med,2022,2022:
          中铁水平升高而导致氧化应激的发生,而牛磺酸可通过
                                                                   4338260.
          调节谷胱甘肽的表达来缓解铁介导的心脏组织氧化应
                                                              [10]  CARRASCO R,RAMIREZ M C,NES K,et al. Preven‐
          激,并可增强机体抗氧化作用以保护心脏组织免受DOX
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          心脏毒性的损害 。                                                logical non-hypoxic myocardial preconditioning based on
              综上所述,GA可能通过作用于二十二碳六烯酸、花                              docosahexaenoic  acid(DHA)  and  carvedilol  direct  anti‐
          生四烯酸、磷脂酰胆碱(16∶0/18∶3)和牛磺酸等关键代谢                           oxidant  effects:study  protocol  for  a  pilot,randomized,
          物来调节不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成、花生四烯酸代谢、                                 double-blind,controlled  trial(CarDHA  trial)[J].  Trials,
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               111712.                                                      (收稿日期:2023-09-18  修回日期:2024-01-03)
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          · 664 ·    China Pharmacy  2024 Vol. 35  No. 6                               中国药房  2024年第35卷第6期
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