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·循证药学·
阿司匹林对比其他抗凝剂预防骨科术后血栓栓塞有效性和安全
性的Meta分析
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王 佩 ,魏 萌 ,陶瑛瑛 ,赵宇蕾 ,王 静 ,周 强 (1.东部战区总医院药剂科,南京 210002;2.东部战区
总医院临床药学科,南京 210002;3.东部战区总医院心血管内科,南京 210002)
中图分类号 R973+.2 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)02-0219-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.02.17
摘 要 目的 评价阿司匹林对比其他抗凝剂预防骨科术后血栓栓塞的疗效和安全性。方法 检索 PubMed、Embase、the Co‐
chrane Library、中国知网、万方数据和维普网,收集阿司匹林(试验组)对比其他抗凝剂(对照组)的随机对照试验(RCT)和队列研
究。检索时限为建库起至2023年6月1日。筛选文献,提取资料及质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳
入 22 项研究,9 篇为 RCT,13 篇为队列研究。RCT 中,试验组患者术后深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率[RR=1.81,95%CI(1.36,2.40),
P<0.000 1]、术后肺栓塞(PE)发生率[RR=1.55,95%CI(1.01,2.40),P=0.05]均显著高于对照组;两组患者术后大出血发生率、术
后手术部位感染发生率、全因死亡率、术后任何出血发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义。队列研究中,试验组患者术后任何出血发
生率显著低于对照组[RR=0.71,95%CI(0.64,0.79),P<0.000 1],其余指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。按其他抗凝剂不
同进行的亚组分析结果显示,RCT中,使用低分子肝素(LMWH)患者术后DVT发生率和术后PE发生率均显著低于使用阿司匹林
患者(P<0.05);队列研究中,使用直接口服抗凝药(DOAC)患者术后DVT发生率和术后PE发生率均显著低于使用阿司匹林患者
(P<0.05);无论在RCT还是队列研究中,使用阿司匹林患者与使用DOAC、LWMH患者的术后大出血发生率比较,差异均无统计
学意义(P>0.05)。结论 阿司匹林与其他抗凝剂预防骨科术后血栓栓塞的安全性相当,但疗效可能不及其他抗凝剂。骨科术后
应优选其他抗凝剂预防静脉血栓栓塞,需谨慎考虑阿司匹林。
关键词 骨科手术;阿司匹林;抗凝剂;血栓栓塞;疗效;安全性;Meta分析
Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of
thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery
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WANG Pei ,WEI Meng ,TAO Yingying ,ZHAO Yulei ,WANG Jing ,ZHOU Qiang(1. Dept. of Pharmacy,
General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002, China;2. Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy,
General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002, China;3. Dept. of Cardiology, General
Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of
thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang
data and VIP, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies about aspirin (trial group) versus other anticoagulants
(control group) were collected during the inception and June 1st, 2023. After literature screening, data extraction and quality
evaluation, the meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included,
involving 9 RCTs and 13 cohort studies. RCT results showed that the incidences of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) [RR=1.81,
95%CI(1.36, 2.40), P<0.000 1] and postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) [RR=1.55, 95%CI(1.01, 2.40), P=0.05] in trial
group were significantly higher than control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of postoperative
massive bleeding, postoperative surgical site infection, all-
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金项目(No.82104303) cause death, or any bleeding after surgery between 2 groups.
* 第一作者 主 管 护 师 。 研 究 方 向 :循 证 护 理 。 E-mail:
In the cohort study, the incidence of any bleeding in trial
895077482@qq.com
group was significantly lower than control group [RR=0.71,
# 通信作者 主管药师,硕士。研究方向:循证药学、心血管药学。
E-mail:1196008514@qq.com 95%CI (0.64, 0.79), P<0.000 1], while the differences in
中国药房 2024年第35卷第2期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 2 · 219 ·