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阿米卡星在老年肾功能不全患者中生理药动学模型的建立与应用                                                                      Δ



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          李乔希 ,管宴萍 ,夏 晨 ,吴莉莉 ,王 妍 (1.佛山市第一人民医院药学部,广东 佛山 528000;2.中山大
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          学药学院临床药理研究所,广州 510030)
          中图分类号  R969.1      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2023)18-2250-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.18.14
          摘   要  目的  建立阿米卡星在老年肾功能不全患者中的生理药动学(PBPK)模型。方法  使用PK-SIM 软件进行模型的构建、拟
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          合和模拟。通过查询文献资料,收集阿米卡星的理化性质和体内药动学特性参数,结合软件内置人体模型建立成人PBPK模型并
          外推至老年PBPK模型。使用临床药动学研究数据对模型进行拟合优化和验证,以拟合优度、相对残差和平均折叠误差为指标评
          价模型预测性能。使用最终模型模拟老年肾功能不全患者给药后的体内暴露情况,对临床常用给药方案的有效性和安全性进行
          评估,并给出推荐的给药方案。结果  建立的阿米卡星PBPK模型在成人和老年患者中均有较好的预测性能,相对残差绝对值均
          数为25%;各模拟场合下,峰浓度(cmax )和药时曲线下面积(AUC0-∞)的平均折叠误差均在>0.5~<2范围内。模拟结果显示,与健
          康成人相比,相同给药方案下老年肾功能不全患者的cmax差异较小,因蓄积引起的谷浓度显著升高。与减少剂量相比,延长阿米卡
          星给药间隔更有助于保证疗效,减少肾毒性的发生。结论  成功建立了阿米卡星在老年肾功能不全患者中的PBPK模型,且模型
          具有良好的预测性能。
          关键词  阿米卡星;药动学;生理药动学模型;老年人;肾功能不全

          Establishment  and  application  of  the  physiologically-based  pharmacokinetic  model  of  amikacin  in  elderly
          patients with renal insufficiency
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          LI Qiaoxi ,GUAN Yanping ,XIA Chen ,WU Lili ,WANG Yan(1.  Dept.  of  Pharmacy,  Foshan  Municipal  First
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          People’s  Hospital,  Guangdong  Foshan  528000,  China;2.  Institute  of  Clinical  Pharmacology,  School  of
          Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510030, China)
          ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE  To  establish  a  physiologically-based  pharmacokinetic (PBPK)  model  of  amikacin  in  elderly  patients
          with renal insufficiency. METHODS PK-SIM  software was adopted for model building, optimization and simulation. The physical
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          and  chemical  properties  and  pharmacokinetic  parameters  related  to  amikacin  were  collected  by  literature  review.  The  PBPK  model
          on  adults  was  established  and  extrapolated  to  the  elderly  population  based  on  the  built-in  human  model.  Data  from  clinical  PK
          studies  were  used  to  optimize  and  validate  the  model. The  goodness  of  fit,  relative  residual,  and  mean  folding  error (MFE)  were
          used to evaluate the performance of forecasting. The final model was employed to simulate the exposure of amikacin in the elderly
          population with renal insufficiency, and the efficacy and safety of commonly used clinical dosing regimens were evaluated, and the
          recommended  regimens  were  proposed.  RESULTS  The  established  PBPK  model  of  amikacin  had  good  prediction  performance  in
          both adult and elderly populations, with the absolute mean of relative residual value of 25%; the MFE of peak concentration (cmax )
          and  area  under  the  plasma  concentration  curve (AUC0-∞)  in  all  simulation  occasions  ranged  >0.5-<2.  The  simulation  results
          showed  that,  compared  with  healthy  adults,  no  significant  clinical  difference  in  cmax  was  observed  in  the  elderly  with  renal
          insufficiency  at  the  same  dosing  regimen,  but  the  trough  concentration  increased  significantly  due  to  accumulation.  Prolonging  the
          administration  interval  of  amikacin  rather  than  reducing  the  dosage  was  more  helpful  to  ensure  the  efficacy  and  to  reduce  the
          occurrence of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The PBPK model for amikacin is successfully established in the elderly patient with
          renal insufficiency, and shows good predictive performance.
          KEYWORDS     amikacin; pharmacokinetics; physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model; the elderly; renal insufficiency



              阿米卡星是一种氨基糖苷类抗菌药物,在临床上被                          抗菌效果取决于药动学-药效学指标,即血药峰浓度
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          广泛用于治疗由革兰氏阴性病原菌引起的细菌感染,对                           (cmax )与最小抑菌浓度(MIC)之比 。肾毒性是阿米卡星
          铜绿假单胞菌等常见多药耐药菌也有较好的抗菌效                              最常见的严重不良反应之一,这与其在肾小管中出现饱
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          果 。阿米卡星作为一种浓度依赖性抗菌药物,其体内                            和性蓄积有关 ,通常认为稳态谷浓度<4 μg/mL有利于
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                                                              降低其肾毒性的发生风险 。因此,每日1次的给药方案
              Δ 基金项目 广东省医院药学研究基金(澳美基金)(No.2021A42)                                                        [4]
             *第一作者 药师,硕士。研究方向:药动学、定量药理。E-mail:                有助于增强阿米卡星的抗菌效果,减少肾毒性的发生 。
                                                                  阿米卡星的体内药动学过程具有较大的个体间差
          liqiaoxi4321@foxmail.com
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              # 通信作者 副主任药师,博士。研究方向:临床药学、医院药事管                 异,易受患者年龄、体重、肾功能水平等多种因素影响 ,
          理。E-mail:wangyantj2008@aliyun.com                   同时由于阿米卡星的治疗窗较窄且不良反应较严重,所
          · 2250 ·    China Pharmacy  2023 Vol. 34  No. 18                            中国药房  2023年第34卷第18期
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