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3 讨论 Executive summary:clinical practice guideline for the
罹患血液系统恶性肿瘤的高风险患者中,如接受诱 management of candidiasis:2016 update by the Infectious
导化疗的急性白血病患者、造血干细胞移植患者,常见 Diseases Society of America[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2016,62
IFI。随着中性粒细胞减少的持续时间和严重程度增加、 (4):409-417.
[ 5 ] LEWIS R E,WIEDERHOLD N P. The solubility ceiling:
使用抗菌药物的时间延长及化疗周期增加,IFI 会导致
[1]
病情加重和病死率增加 。 a rationale for continuous infusion amphotericin B
therapy?[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2003,37(6):871-872.
两性霉素B是一种多烯类抗真菌药,对多种致病真 [ 6 ] GREEN S,HIGGINS J P. Preparing a cochrane review
[4]
菌具有体外活性 。两性霉素B通过破坏真菌细胞壁合
[M]//Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Inter‐
成而发挥抗真菌作用,能与甾醇类(主要是麦角固醇)结 ventions. Chichester,UK:John Wiley & Sons,Ltd,2008:
合,在细胞壁上形成孔道,进而导致细胞内容物外漏 。 11-30.
[4]
这种亲和力也解释了该药对某些哺乳动物细胞的有毒 [ 7 ] STANG A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa
[4]
性 ,因此两性霉素 B 的毒副作用相对较多。尽管已经 scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized
引入多种新型抗真菌药物用于全身性真菌感染的治疗, studies in meta-analyses[J]. Eur J Epidemiol,2010,25
但是两性霉素 B 仍然是多种严重的 IFI 的标准治疗药 (9):603-605.
物 [2―3] 。然而,静脉使用两性霉素B引起的毒性限制了其 [ 8 ] ERIKSSON U,SEIFERT B,SCHAFFNER A. Comparison
[4]
广泛使用 。通过药动学/药效学优化改变输注方式在 of effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infused over 4
美罗培南或者哌拉西林他唑巴坦钠治疗革兰氏阴性菌 or 24 hours:randomised controlled trial[J]. BMJ,2001,
[15]
所致脓毒症中已经获得了认可 ,24 h 持续泵入两性霉 322(7286):579-582.
[ 9 ] LEE Y K,KIM Y H,JEONG O H M D. Comparison of
素B是否较间断滴注能提高疗效、降低不良反应?为此
effects and side effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate
本研究采用 Meta 分析的方法对两性霉素 B 两种不同输 infusion over 6 versus 24 hours in children with cancer[J].
注方式的疗效和安全性进行系统评价,旨在为合理使用
Korean J Pediatr Hematol Oncol,2003,10(2):223-229.
两性霉素 B 治疗 IFI 提供依据。本研究结果显示,试验 [10] PELEG A Y,WOODS M L. Continuous and 4 h infusion
组患者的临床有效率显著优于对照组,全因死亡率、输 of amphotericin B:a comparative study involving high-
液反应发生率均显著低于对照组,但两组患者的肾损害 risk haematology patients[J]. J Antimicrob Chemother,
发生率比较无显著差异。 2004,54(4):803-808.
本研究尚存在一定的局限性:(1)纳入 RCT 仅有 1 [11] SCHULENBURG A,SPERR W,RABITSCH W,et al.
篇,其余6篇均为队列研究,由于两种研究之间在试验设 Brief report:practicability and safety of amphotericin B
计、干预及质量控制上存在很大的差异,将两种研究均 deoxycholate as continuous infusion in neutropenic pa‐
纳入Meta分析可能使得结果可信度降低;(2)多数研究 tients with hematological malignancies[J]. Leuk Lym‐
并未提及疗程,不能排除试验组与对照组患者两性霉素 phoma,2005,46(8):1163-1167.
[12] MAHAROM P,THAMLIKITKUL V. Implementation of
B使用时间存在差异,这可能会引起结果偏倚;(3)部分
clinical practice policy on the continuous intravenous
研究纳入的患者数较少,需要更多的研究进一步评价;
administration of amphotericin B deoxycholate[J]. Chot‐
(4)各项结局指标纳入的研究数均小于 10,未进行发表 maihet Thangphaet,2006,89(Suppl 5):S118-S124.
偏倚分析。故本研究所得结论尚需更多高质量 RCT 进
[13] ALTMANNSBERGER P,HOLLER E,ANDREESEN R,
一步验证。 et al. Amphotericin B deoxycholate:no significant advan‐
参考文献 tage of a 24 h over a 6 h infusion schedule[J]. J Antimi‐
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children with cancer and/or undergoing hematopoietic Nephrotoxicity of continuous amphotericin B in critically
stem-cell transplantation[J]. J Clin Oncol,2012,30(35): ill patients with abdominal sepsis:a retrospective analysis
4427-4438. with propensity score matching[J]. J Antimicrob Che‐
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impairment. A review on the use of sodium supplementation [15] FALAGAS M E,TANSARLI G S,IKAWA K,et al. Clini‐
[J]. Arch Intern Med,1988,148(11):2389-2394. cal outcomes with extended or continuous versus short-
[ 3 ] PATTERSON T F,THOMPSON G R 3rd,DENNING D term intravenous infusion of carbapenems and piperacillin/
W,et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and manage‐ tazobactam:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].
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· 1118 · China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 9 中国药房 2023年第34卷第9期