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药品集中带量采购的应急管理机制研究
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邵 靖 ,路 云,常 峰(中国药科大学国际医药商学院,南京 211198)
中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2023)08-0902-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2023.08.02
摘 要 目的 为药品集中带量采购(以下简称“集采”)的常态化开展和地方应急管理机制的建立提供参考。方法 基于符合我国
国情的应急管理全过程均衡理论,参考“6+1”阶段模型,构建药品集采应急管理机制,并据此对2019-2022年我国21个省级药品
采购项目进行评价。结果 成功构建包括准备、预防、减缓、响应、恢复、学习和监测7个阶段共14项措施在内的药品集采应急管理
机制。21个省级药品采购项目的总得分为3~11分,各项目近4年的平均得分在6~7分内小幅波动;在获评的5个阶段中,预防
和响应阶段的得分较高,减缓和准备阶段次之,恢复阶段最低;在11项获评的应急管理措施中,有超过半数的平均分大于0.5分,
但“确定备选企业选择方式”的平均得分仅为0.19分。结论 集采的部分应急管理措施欠缺,应急管理机制仍待完善,不利于应急
管理工作开展。采购组织者应着力构建包括所有阶段的完整应急管理机制,明确各阶段的具体措施,从而保证采购的有效、良好
运行。
关键词 药品;集中带量采购;应急管理机制;“6+1”阶段模型
Study on emergency management mechanism of drug volume-based procurement
SHAO Jing,LU Yun,CHANG Feng(School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 211198, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the normalization of drug volume-based procurement (hereinafter referred to
as “VBP”) and the establishment of local emergency management mechanism. METHODS Based on the equilibrium theory of the
whole process of emergency management with Chinese conditions, referring to the “6+1” stage model, the emergency management
mechanism of VBP was constructed; 21 provincial-level procurement projects in China from 2019 to 2022 were evaluated
accordingly. RESULTS The emergency management mechanism of VBP including 14 measures in 7 stages of preparation,
prevention, mitigation, response, recovery, learning and monitoring was successfully constructed. The total score of the 21
provincial-level procurement projects was 3 to 11 points, and the average score of each project in the past 4 years fluctuated
slightly within 6 to 7 points. Among the 5 evaluated stages, the scores of the prevention and response stage were relatively high,
followed by the mitigation and preparation stage, and the lowest in the recovery stage. Among the 11 rated emergency management
measures, more than half had an average score greater than 0.5, but the average score of “determining alternative enterprise
selection methods” was only 0.19. CONCLUSIONS Some emergency management measures of drug VBP are lacking, and the
emergency management mechanism still needs to be perfected, which is not conducive to the development of emergency
management work. The procurement organizer should focus on building a complete emergency management mechanism covering all
stages, and clarify the specific measures at each stage, so as to ensure procurement effective and good in operation.
KEYWORDS drug; volume-based procurement; emergency management mechanism; “6+1” stage model
应急管理是为了预防与应对自然灾害、事故灾难、 众用药安全息息相关,一旦出现问题极易导致社会性紧
公共卫生事件和社会安全事件等,将政府、企业和第三 急事件。2021年8月,华北制药股份有限公司由于产能
[1]
部门的力量有效组合起来所进行管理控制的活动 。在 不足、内部管理不到位,放弃布洛芬胶囊在山东的中选
信息传播更加透明、迅速的大环境下,突发事件频发,应 资格,引起山东医疗机构强烈不满,给集采造成了不良
[2]
急管理成为新时代政府治理的重要内容 。 的舆论影响(以下简称“华北制药断供事件”) 。我国集
[3]
药品集中带量采购(以下简称“集采”)作为 2018 年
采开展时间较短,采购组织者前一阶段的主要任务是优
国家医疗保障局成立以来所颁布的重要政策之一,与群
化采购规则,对应急管理机制的关注略有欠缺,导致药
Δ 基金项目 国家医疗保障局立项课题(No.JCS-KTXY-2020-008) 品集采的应急管理存在漏洞。华北制药断供事件等供
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:医药产业经济及政策研究。 应问题的出现,提示采购组织者应当重视集采中选后可
E-mail:15665210082@163.com
能出现的突发事件,及时开展应急管理。由此可见,寻
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师。研究方向:医药产业经济及政策
研究。E-mail:cpucf@163.com 找合适的理论依据,建立药品集采的应急管理机制迫在
· 902 · China Pharmacy 2023 Vol. 34 No. 8 中国药房 2023年第34卷第8期