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was evaluated by the risk bias evaluation tool recommended by Cochrane handbook 5.1.0,and the quality of cohort studies was
evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS). Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 software. GRADE grading system
was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcomes. The publication bias was analyzed by inverted funnel plot. RESULTS A
total of 8 studies were included,involving 3 RCTs and 5 cohort studies,with a total of 2 841 patients. Results of Meta-analysis
showed that the overall survival rate more than one year [RR=1.30,95% CI(1.14,1.48),P<0.000 1],relapse-free survival
rate [RR=1.78,95% CI(1.50,2.12),P<0.000 01],complete remission rate [RR=1.42,95% CI(1.11,1.82),P=0.006],the
incidence of tremor [RR=16.98,95%CI(2.17,133.12),P=0.007],and the incidence of cytokine release syndrome [RR=14.11,
95% CI(3.43,58.01),P=0.000 2] in trial group were all significantly higher than control group,but there was no statistical
significance in the incidence of headache between two groups [RR=1.31,95% CI (0.66,2.59),P=0.44]. The incidence of
adverse events with grade more than or equal to 3,infection,stomatitis,thrombocytopenia,febrile neutropenia,anorexia,
constipation,diarrhea,abdominal pain,hypokalemia in trial group were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). The
incidence of cough,rash and hypogamma globulinemia and fever in the trial group were significantly higher than control group
(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the total incidence of adverse events,sepsis,anemia,leucopenia,neutropenia,
lymphopenia,nausea,vomiting,hyperglycemia,hypotension,hypertension,elevated transaminase or epistaxis between two
groups(P>0.05). Results of subgroup analysis by study type showed that the overall survival rate,relapse-free survival rate and
complete response rate(except for cohort studies)of patients in trial group were significantly higher than control group in both
RCTs and cohort studies(P<0.05). The results of GRADE evaluation showed that the overall quality of index evidence included in
this study was low. There was little possibility of publication bias in this study based on the publication bias analysis.
CONCLUSIONS Blinatumomab is effective in the treatment of ALL,with low incidence of infection and adverse events of
digestive system,but high incidence of tremor,cough,rash,fever,hypoproglobulinemia and cytokine release syndrome. The
evidence quality of the indicators included in this study is generally low.
KEYWORDS blinatumomab;acute lymphoblastic leukemia;meta-analysis;efficacy;safety
急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leuke- 单抗于 2014 年被美国食品药品监督管理局(U. S. Food
mia,ALL)是骨髓造血系统恶性肿瘤之一,占急性白血 and Drug Administration,FDA)批准用于成人和儿童复
病患者总数的30%~40%,主要特征为骨髓及淋巴组织 发或难治性前体 B 细胞 ALL。2020 年 12 月,该药被国
[1]
中幼稚淋巴细胞异常增殖和聚集 。ALL的发病率呈双 家药品监督管理局附条件批准在我国上市,用于治疗成
峰分布,第1个发病高峰出现在儿童时期(1~4岁),第2 人复发或难治性前体B细胞ALL。有研究发现,博纳吐
[2]
个高峰出现在50~60岁,且男性高于女性 。临床实践 单抗可能会导致CD19靶抗原缺失,引发免疫逃逸,从而
显示,疾病危险分层和强化化疗方案显著提高了ALL患 影响疗效 ;也有研究认为,博纳吐单抗在治疗过程中
[13]
者的完全缓解率(complete remission rate,CRR),特别是 可能会引发多种不良反应,如神经系统毒性和细胞因子
儿童、青少年及青年ALL患者,但40岁以上及复发或难 释放综合征(cytokine release syndrome,CRS),其中CRS
治性患者的预后仍然较差 [3-6] 。 是发生率较高、症状较为突出的急性不良反应 。考虑
[14]
由于多种表面抗原均可在ALL癌细胞上表达,因此 到博纳吐单抗为首个治疗 ALL 的双特异性 T 细胞衔接
免疫疗法在 ALL 的治疗领域取得了较大进展。常见的 分子药物,上市时间较短,故通过与现有治疗方案比较
免疫治疗药物包括利妥昔单抗、依帕珠单抗、奥英妥珠 来全面评价博纳吐单抗治疗 ALL 的有效性和安全性显
单抗和博纳吐单抗等 [7-10] 。其中,利妥昔单抗和依帕珠 得尤为重要。基于此,本研究采用 Meta 分析的方法系
单抗是分别靶向分化群 20(cluster of differentiation 20, 统评价了博纳吐单抗治疗ALL的有效性和安全性,旨在
CD20)和 CD33 的单克隆抗体,奥英妥珠单抗则是由靶 为其临床应用提供循证参考。
向CD22的单克隆抗体与细胞毒性药物卡奇霉素偶联而 1 资料与方法
成,上述 3 种药物对复发或难治性 ALL 具有一定的疗 1.1 纳入与排除标准
效,但其作用取决于癌细胞表面高度特异性的肿瘤抗 1.1.1 研究类型 国内外公开发表的随机对照试验
原 。博纳吐单抗为一种新型的CD3和CD19双特异性 (randomized controlled trial,RCT)和队列研究,语种限
[11]
抗体,相对分子量为55 kDa。该药是利用脱氧核糖核酸 定为中文和英文;RCT无论是否采用盲法。
重组技术通过一段非免疫原性的接头序列将抗CD19和 1.1.2 研究对象 纳入经骨髓细胞学、化学染色和免疫
抗CD3单克隆抗体单链可变区融合而成,可连接CD19 + 分型等确诊为 ALL 的患者,其均符合《关于急性白血病
恶性B淋巴细胞与CD3 T淋巴细胞,介导T细胞对肿瘤 分类的建议》中的相关诊断标准 ,且年龄、性别不限。
[15]
+
细胞的溶解,具有不受主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子 1.1.3 干预措施 试验组患者给予博纳吐单抗;对照组
[12]
限制、不需要 T 细胞共刺激分子参与等优点 。博纳吐 患者给予传统化疗方案;两组患者的用药剂量、疗程均
中国药房 2022年第33卷第12期 China Pharmacy 2022 Vol. 33 No. 12 ·1493 ·