Page 16 - 2021年19期

全要素视角下上市中药工业企业创新资源使用效率及其变动分

解研究 Δ

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胡梦超 ，刘 伟，李 磊，柏星驰，殷新鑫，洪 峰，耿冬梅（北京中医药大学管理学院，北京 102488）
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中图分类号 R95；F272.5 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2021）19-2314-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.19.02

摘 要 目的：为提高中药工业企业创新效率提供有效的改善路径和政策建议。方法：基于2014－2020年38家上市中药工业企
业的创新资源投入、产出数据，从全要素视角出发构建评价指标体系。首先采用数据包络分析（DEA）模型测算样本企业的静态效
率，同时给出创新资源使用的4种模式分类；再运用全要素Malmquist指数法，按不同时期和微观个体分析创新资源使用效率的变
动分解情况。结果与结论：上市中药工业企业创新资源使用效率水平总体过低，综合效率均值仅为0.293；33家样本企业的创新资
源投入产出不合理，无效原因较多来自于纯技术效率不足；38家样本企业的全要素Malmquist指数均值为0.818，效率整体呈衰退
趋势，技术进步阻碍是引起效率下降的主要原因。据此，笔者建议提高中药工业企业的创新资源配置能力，结合规模报酬调整研
发投入比例；明确以科技创新为核心驱动力的发展原则，积极开展基础研究性工作；落实“中药工业企业-中医药研究机构”产研平
台，推动行业整体技术进步。
关键词 全要素；创新资源使用效率；中药工业企业；数据包络分析模型；Malmquist指数

Research on the Utilization Efficiency of Innovative Resources and Its Change Decomposition of Listed
TCM Industrial Enterprises from the Perspective of Total Factors
HU Mengchao，LIU Wei，LI Lei，BAI Xingchi，YIN Xinxin，HONG Feng，GENG Dongmei（School of
Management，Beijing University of TCM，Beijing 102488，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE： To provide effective improvement paths and policy suggestions for improving the innovation
efficiency of TCM industrial enterprises. METHODS：Based on the input and output data of innovation resources of 38 listed TCM
industrial enterprises from 2014 to 2020，an evaluation index system was constructed from the perspective of all factors. First，the
deta envelopment analysis（DEA）model was used to measure the static efficiency of the sample enterprises，and at the same time，
four patterns of innovative resource utilization were provided；then the total factor Malmquist index method was used to analyze the
decomposition of the changes in utilization efficiency of innovative resources according to different periods and micro-individuals.
RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：The overall efficiency of innovative resource utilization of listed TCM industrial enterprises was too
low，and the average overall efficiency was only 0.293. The input and output of innovation resources of 33 enterprises were
unreasonable，and the reasons for the inefficiency are mostly due to insufficient pure technical efficiency. The average value of the
all-factor Malmquist index was 0.818 for 38 sample enterprises，and the overall efficiency was declining. The obstacles to
technological progress were a more important reason for the decline in efficiency. It is recommended to improve TCM industrial
enterprise’s ability to allocate innovation resources and adjust the proportion of R&D investment in conjunction with the return to
scale；clarify the development principles with scientific and technological innovation as the core driving force，and actively carry
out basic research work；implement the production and research platform of“TCM industrial enterprise-TCM research institution”
to promote the overall technological progress of the industry.
KEYWORDS Total factors；Utilization efficiency of innovative resources；TCM industrial enterprises；Deta envelopment analysis
model；Malmquist index

中药作为我国具有原创优势的科技资源，在医药行 业有 228 家，其中中药工业企业 74 家，占到约 1/3 的比
业占据重要位置。据深证信数据服务平台（webapi.cnin- 重。而根据国家统计局公布的数据，中药工业总产值自
fo.com.cn）统计，截至2020年底，我国医药制造业上市企 2016 年以来增长持续减缓，甚至出现负增长 。部分中
[1]
Δ 基金项目：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（No.18- 药工业企业对科技创新的作用没有充分重视，转而走向
YJCZH106） 营销驱动这一错误路径，逐渐显现出研发投入不足、创
＊硕士研究生。研究方向：健康与医药行业管理。E-mail：hu- [2]
新效率低下等问题 。国务院印发的《中医药发展战略
mengchao@bucm.edu.cn
规划纲要（2016－2030 年）》，明确把着力推进中医药创
# 通信作者：副教授，硕士生导师，博士。研究方向：健康与医药
行业管理。E-mail：23411498@qq.com 新作为今后一个时期促进中医药事业健康发展的重点

·2314 · China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 19 中国药房 2021年第32卷第19期