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美国执业药师继续教育课程和实施管理体系对我国的启示 Δ
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蒋 蓉 ,丁瑞琳,邵 蓉(中国药科大学国家药物政策与医药产业经济研究中心,南京 211198)
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中图分类号 R951 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2021)15-1800-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.15.02
摘 要 目的:为优化我国执业药师继续教育课程管理制度提供参考。方法:介绍美国执业药师继续教育课程管理的内容和实施
体系,为我国执业药师继续教育课程建设与管理体系优化提出政策建议。结果与结论:美国的执业药师继续教育课程管理有明确
的课程目标、使命和计划,并在继续教育开始前评估受教者的基本情况,对课程进行模块化管理(分为基于知识、基于运用和实践
的继续教育课程);在美国继续教育实施体系方面,药学教育认证委员会(ACPE)对施教人员有要求,提出了强调自主化和个性化
的终身学习模式(药师继续职业发展模式),并对授课方式与学习周期、收费情况进行了详细规定,同时要求必须收集参与人员对
课程的反馈。结合我国实际,笔者建议我国相关部门应制订《执业药师继续教育课程标准》,对课程实行规范化管理,完善继续教
育课程考核机制,以实际教育效果为考察核心来灵活授予学分,并不断更新继续教育的理念与模式,将国际理论本土化,以此不断
完善我国执业药师继续教育管理制度。
关键词 继续教育;执业药师;课程;规范化管理;美国
Enlightenment of Continuing Education Curriculum and Implementation Management System for
Licensed Pharmacists in the United States to China
JIANG Rong,DING Ruilin,SHAO Rong(Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem,China
Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for optimizing the curriculum management system of continuing education for
licensed pharmacists in China. METHODS: The content and implementation system of continuing education curriculum
management for licensed pharmacists in the United States was introduced,and policy suggestions were put forward for the
curriculum construction and management system optimization of continuing education for licensed pharmacists in China. RESULTS
& CONCLUSIONS:The curriculum management of continuing education for licensed pharmacists in the United States has clear
curriculum objectives,missions and plans,and evaluates the basic situation of the trainees before continuing education starts,so as
to carry out modular management of the curriculum(including continuing education courses based on knowledge,application and
practice). In terms of the implementation system of continuing education in the United States,ACPE has put forward a lifelong
learning model(pharmacist continuing career development model)that emphasizes autonomy and personalization,and has detailed
regulations on teaching methods,learning cycle and fees. At the same time,ACPE requires that the feedback of participants on the
curriculum must be collected. Combined with the practice in China,it is suggested that the relevant departments should formulate
the Curriculum Standard of Continuing Education for Licensed Pharmacists, implement standardized management of the
curriculum,improve the assessment mechanism of continuing education curriculum,flexibly grant credits based on the actual
education effect,constantly update the concept and mode of continuing education,and localize the international theory,so as to
continuously improve the continuing education management system of licensed pharmacists in China.
KEYWORDS Continuing education;Licensed pharmacist;Curriculum;Standardized management;United States
执业药师作为确保药品安全和药学服务质量的关 药品安全规划》提出的 4 人/万人的要求,但在队伍的质
[2]
键力量,肩负着重大的社会责任和公众利益。加强执业 量建设和素质建设上仍需继续努力 。
药师等药学技术人员的队伍建设是我国保障人民群众 继续教育是提升执业药师基本素质和专业能力,帮
用药安全、推进“健康中国”建设的重要举措。截至2020 助执业药师更新知识、保障其药学服务能力的重要途
年 8 月底,全国执业药师注册人数为 556 326 人,每万人 径。美国实施执业药师制度较早,对执业药师继续教育
的课程管理设有一套完备且富有特色的标准,其继续教
口执业药师人数为 4.0 人 ,已基本满足《“十三五”国家
[1]
育形式丰富、课程内容前沿,其管理制度经验对多国执
Δ 基金项目:2020年国家药品监督管理局委托课题 [3]
业药师制度的发展具有深刻影响 。我国自 1994 年建
*讲师,博士。研究方向:医药政策与法规。电话:025-86185193。
立执业药师资格制度以来,不断修订和完善执业药师管
E-mail:jiangr_0_0@163.com
理规定,已逐渐形成较为完整的包括执业药师考试、注
# 通信作者:教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:医药政策与法
[4]
规。电话:025-86185188。E-mail:shaorong118@163.com 册、继续教育和监督管理在内的执业药师管理制度 。
·1800 · China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 15 中国药房 2021年第32卷第15期