Page 122 - 《中国药房》2021年5期
P. 122

Quantitative Evaluation of the Prophylactic Use Rationality of Antibiotics in Orthopedic Type ⅠⅠ Incision
        Surgery of Our Hospital Based on AHP-TOPSIS
                                                                               1
                                                                                           1
                                                            1
                                                                        1
                                           2
                                                    1
                             1
               1
        LIU Yi ,LIANG Xinyu ,SONG Jiawei ,LIU Yue ,HU Lei ,HOU Kelu ,SI Xia ,ZHAO Mei ,WANG Wenpei ,
                                                                                                          1
                                       3
                             1
        LIU Silu ,HUANG Lin ,LIU Ying ,FENG Yufei(1. Dept. of Pharmacy,Peking University People’s Hospital,
                                                    1
                1
        Beijing 100044,China;2. Clinical Pharmacy Center,Bozhou Municipal People’s Hospital,Anhui Bozhou
        236800,China;3. Dept. of Medical Affair,Peking University People’s Hospital,Beijing 100044,China)
        ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To establish quantitative evaluation system of the prophylactic use of antibiotics in orthopedic type Ⅰ
        incision surgery,and to provide reference for evaluating the rational prevention use of antibiotics in this type surgery scientifically.
        METHODS:Based on the Guidelines of Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents(2015 edition),drug instructions,related guidelines
        and references,experts from relevant departments jointly discussed and formulated the evaluation criteria for the rationality of the
        use of antibiotics in type Ⅰ incision in orthopedic surgery. AHP method was used to assign the weights for various indexes of
        evaluation criteria;TOPSIS method was used to retrospectively analyze and evaluate the rationality of 120 cases of type Ⅰ incision
        surgery from 3 orthopedic departments in Peking University People’s Hospital during Sept. 1st-30th,2019. RESULTS:Established
        evaluation system included 4 primary indicators(medication indication,usage and dosage,medication timing,other factors)and
        12 secondary indicators. Among the secondary indicators,indications,drug selection and timing of preoperative administration
        were the most important(weights were 0.209,0.140,0.117). Among 120 cases,30.83% of drug use were reasonable,47.50%
        were basically reasonable and 21.67% were unreasonable. Evaluation results obtained by AHP-TOPSIS were consistent with the
        actual situation. CONCLUSIONS:The rationality evaluation method of prophylactic use of antibiotics in type Ⅰ incision surgery
        based on AHP-TOPSIS method can quantitatively evaluate the rationality of drug use by combining multiple indicators. The method
        is feasible,operable,and the evaluation results can be quantified,which has a wide range of application.
        KEYWORDS Type Ⅰ incision;Orthopedic department;Antibiotics;Rational drug use;Analytic hierarchy process;TOPSIS


                                                                                     [7]
            手术部位感染(SSI)是医疗保健相关感染的常见原                        tion,TOPSIS)和层次分析法 (Analytical hierarchy pro-
        因 。在手术患者中,SSI 占医院感染的 38% 。据估                        cess,AHP)。目前尚未见到将上述两种方法用于骨科Ⅰ
           [1]
                                                 [2]
        计,每年接受手术的患者超过 3 000 万例,其中 SSI 的发                    类切口手术预防性使用抗菌药物合理性评价的相关研
                       [2]
        生率为2%~5% 。预防使用抗菌药物的目标是通过降                           究。因此,本研究首先通过医院信息系统(HIS)选择预
        低手术操作期间手术部位的微生物负荷来预防SSI的发                           防使用抗菌药物比例较高的骨科科室,并随机抽取相关
        生,对降低SSI的有效性已得到明确证实 。然而,Ⅰ类                          病例;接着,建立骨科Ⅰ类切口手术预防使用抗菌药物
                                            [3]
        切口手术多为无菌部位,局部无炎症、无损伤,也不涉及                           的评价指标体系,按照 AHP 法对各评价指标进行赋权;
        呼吸道、消化道、泌尿生殖道等人体与外界相通的器官,                           然后,对各病例按照符合评价指标的程度进行打分,并
        手术部位无污染,故通常不需要预防使用抗菌药物。但                            运用已经赋权的 TOPSIS 法公式对打分结果进行计算,
        在手术范围大、手术时间长、手术涉及重要脏器、异物植                           得出最优方案与最劣方案;最后,根据每份病例与最优
        入、有感染等高危因素的情况时,可考虑预防用药。为                            方案的接近程度进行整体分层评价,以期为骨科Ⅰ类切
        此,在原卫生部抗菌药物专项整治方案中,明确规定Ⅰ                            口手术预防使用抗菌药物的合理性评价提供参考。
        类切口手术患者预防使用抗菌药物比例不应超过                               1 资料来源
        30% ,旨在引导医疗机构规范该类手术抗菌药物的预                               通过 HIS 系统提取北京大学人民医院 2019 年 9 月
            [4]
        防性使用。                                               1-30 日所有行Ⅰ类切口手术的归档病例,通过信息系
            对于接受脊椎手术、髋部及其他闭合性骨折修复                           统初步统计后,发现Ⅰ类切口手术预防使用抗菌药物比
        术、置入内固定装置(螺钉、钉、板和针)和全关节置换术                          例(预防使用抗菌药物的例数/手术总例数×100%)排名
        的Ⅰ类切口手术患者,由于存在异物植入的情况,常需                            前 5 位的科室中有 3 个骨科科室:脊柱外科(100%)、创
        要给予抗菌药物预防SSI 。因此,骨科Ⅰ类切口手术患                          伤骨科(69.27%)、骨关节科(68.66%)。本研究选取这3
                              [5]
        者预防性使用抗菌药物的比例相对较高,不能以原卫生                            个骨科科室为研究对象,按照如下纳入与排除标准筛选
        部相关规定(≤30%)来判断抗菌药物使用的合理性 。                          病例。纳入标准:临床资料完整者;术前无感染症状
                                                      [4]
        为量化评价我院骨科Ⅰ类切口手术抗菌药物预防使用                             者。排除标准:术前持续使用抗菌药物治疗的感染者。
        现状和存在问题,本文采用逼近理想解排序法 (Tech-                         从符合筛选条件的病例中,采用随机抽样的方法从3个
                                                 [6]
        nique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solu-  科室各选取病例 40 例,最终纳入归档病例共 120 例,分


        ·624 ·  China Pharmacy 2021 Vol. 32 No. 5                                    中国药房    2021年第32卷第5期
   117   118   119   120   121   122   123   124   125   126   127