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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To investigate main risk factors for adverse drug reactions(ADR)of skin by intravenous injection of
iodine contrast agent. METHODS:From Jan. 2009 to Apr. 2020,the patients suffering from skin ADR after enhanced CT with iodine
contrast agent were collected from our hospital. The basic information,laboratory test results before using iodine contrast agent and
ADR related information were collected through hospital information system (HIS). The use of iodine contrast agent,main
manifestations of skin ADR and drug combination were analyzed statistically. Taking the sex,age,body mass index(BMI),the
dosage of iodine contrast agent,length of stay,laboratory examination,tumor history,basic disease,allergy history,drinking history
as independent variables,the incidence of skin ADR related to iodine contrast agent was analyzed by single factor analysis,and the
variables with statistically significant were selected for multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS:There were 157
cases of skin ADR,involving 79 males(50.3%)and 78 females(49.7%). The age ranged from 19 to 86 years old,being(52.68±
2
2
18.73)years old in average. BMI was 14.6-40.7 kg/m ,being(22.5±3.7) kg/m . 67 cases(42.68%)were treated with iprodione,34
cases(21.66%)with iodixanol,31 cases(19.74%)with iohexol and 25 cases(15.92%)with iopamidol;the dose of iodine contrast
agent were 50-100 mL,being(73.06±13.29)mL in average. There was no significant difference among different dosage of 4 kinds of
iodine contrast agents(P≤0.05). Among 4 kinds of iodine contrast agents,the incidence of skin ADR induced by iopromide was the
highest(0.197%). The skin ADR related to iodine contrast agent was mainly acute(89.2%),the severity was mild(75.2%),and
urticaria(38.9%)was the most common. After symptomatic treatment,135 cases were cured,13 cases were improved and 9 cases
were not improved. Among the patients with iodine contrast agent related skin ADR,the incidence of ADR induced by combined use of
anti infective drugs was the highest(33.1%);however,the combined use of anti-tumor drugs was the main cause of severe skin ADR.
The length of stay{11~20 d[OR=1.21,95%CI(1.07,1.20),P=0.042]、21~30 d[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.12,1.52),P=0.035]、31~40
d[OR=1.15,95%CI(1.03,1.37),P=0.008]、>40 d[OR=1.33,95%CI(1.28,1.53),P=0.003]},respitatory and circulatory system
tumor history[OR=1.51,95% CI(1.35,1.61),P=0.037],injection allergy history[OR=1.50,95% CI(1.37,1.59),P=0.005] can
significantly increase the incidence of iodine contrast agent related skin ADR. CONCLUSIONS:The main manifestation of skin ADR
related to iodine contrast agent was urticaria. The main risk factors of skin ADR related to iodine contrast agent were length of stay(>
10 d),respiratory and circulatory system tumor history and injection allergy history.
KEYWORDS Iodine contrast agent;Skin ADR;Rational drug use;Logistic regression analysis;Risk factors
随着计算机断层扫描(CT)、核磁共振成像(MRI)增 剂有 4 种,分别为碘普罗胺注射液(德国 Bayer Vital
强诊疗技术的不断发展,对比剂已广泛应用于临床诊疗 GmbH公司)、碘克沙醇注射液(江苏恒瑞医药股份有限
活动中,但同时对比剂的相关药物不良反应(Adverse 公司)、碘海醇注射液(北京北陆药业股份有限公司)、碘
drug reactions,ADR)也日益增加 [1-2] 。对比剂是为了改 帕醇注射液(上海博莱科信谊药业有限责任公司)。基
变机体局部组织影像对比度而引入人体的物质,也称为 于图片存档及通信系统(PACS)系统查询我院该时段接
造影剂;目前CT增强扫描使用的是碘对比剂,主要包括 受上述4类碘对比剂CT增强扫描检查的患者,以我院上
高渗对比剂、次高渗对比剂及等渗对比剂,广泛应用于 报至国家药品不良反应监测系统的关于碘对比剂致相
临床各种疾病的鉴别与诊断。各种碘对比剂的渗透压、 关皮肤 ADR 结果为依据,选取发生碘对比剂相关皮肤
水溶性、蛋白结合力、亲脂性、钙及钠含量等理化性质均 ADR 的患者纳入分析。通过医院信息系统(HIS)查询
有可能引发ADR,因而其安全性受到越来越多学者的关 纳入患者的相关资料,包括性别、年龄、体质量指数
注 。已有研究表明,临床上碘对比剂引发的相关ADR (BMI)、碘对比剂用量、实验室检查指标、住院时间、肿
[3]
主要以皮肤 ADR 最为常见 [4-5] 。一般情况下,轻度皮肤 瘤病史、基础病史、过敏史、饮酒史等。患者使用碘对比
ADR往往勿需作任何处理,但重度皮肤ADR(如嗜酸性 剂后,由护士观察记录患者发生急性、晚发性及超晚发
粒细胞增多性皮炎及Stevens-Johnson综合征等)将会引 性皮肤 ADR,其中急性 ADR 为注射后 1 h 以内发生的
起患者多系统症状甚至危及生命,临床上必须予以高度 ADR,晚发性 ADR 为注射后 1 h 以上至 1 周以内发生的
重视 。目前,国内鲜有文献报道碘对比剂致相关皮肤 ADR,超晚发性ADR为注射后1周后发生的ADR 。根
[6]
[7]
ADR情况。本研究团队通过分析重庆市中医院2009年 据《碘对比剂血管造影应用相关不良反应中国专家共
1月至2020年4月157例患者使用碘对比剂后出现相关 识》,由两名高级职称医师对碘对比剂相关皮肤ADR的严
皮肤 ADR 的情况,探讨碘对比剂致相关皮肤 ADR 的独 重程度进行分级,包括轻度、中度和重度 。
[7]
立危险因素,以期指导临床合理用药、减少该类ADR的 1.2 统计学方法
发生。 采用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计量资
1 资料来源与方法 料以 x±s 表示;计数资料以例数或率表示,不同碘对比
2
1.1 资料来源及信息收集 剂相关皮肤 ADR 发生率及碘对比剂用量比较采用χ 检
2009 年 1 月-2020 年 4 月,我院主要使用的碘对比 验,碘对比剂相关皮肤 ADR 不同发生时间比较采用
中国药房 2020年第31卷第18期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 18 ·2253 ·