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基于2014-2019年室间质评数据的我国临床药物基因组学发展

        现状分析           Δ


        陈幽攸 ,李华云,任小群,代 颜(西南医科大学附属医院药学部,四川 泸州 646000)
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        中图分类号 R969.1;R95          文献标志码 A          文章编号     1001-0408(2020)16-1938-06
        DOI   10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.16.04

        摘   要   目的:为推进临床个体化用药提供参考。方法:在国家卫生健康委临床检验中心(NCCL)和国家药品监督管理局
        (NMPA)官网上提取截至2019年12月31日的有关化学药物用药指导的基因检测室间质量评价(EQA)项目及获批试剂盒的相关
        信息,统计各项目参评实验室数量;以参与度较高的华法林和氯吡格雷药物代谢基因多态性检测EQA项目为例,分析各参评实验
        室所用方法和检测试剂盒情况,以分析我国临床药物基因组学(PGx)的发展现状。结果:NCCL开展的药物基因检测EQA项目从
        2014年的3项增至2019年的9项;参评实验室总数2018年为926个,2019年为1 249个。华法林和氯吡格雷药物代谢基因多态性
        检测参评实验室数分别由最初的57、124个增至300.5、374.5个,各实验室使用较广泛的方法均为荧光聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法和
        PCR-芯片杂交法;目前,上述两个项目获NMPA批准的试剂盒数量分别为7、15个,但仍有部分参评实验室使用自配试剂。结论:
        我国临床PGx处于起步阶段,实验室的参评意识逐年提高;使用方法以荧光PCR法为主,但仍普遍存在使用自配试剂的情况,相
        关审批、使用、监管的制度均有待进一步完善。
        关键词 临床药物基因组学;室间质量评价;个体化用药;华法林;氯吡格雷;发展现状
        Analysis of the Development Status of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Based on External Quality Assessment
        from 2014 to 2019 in China
        CHEN Youyou,LI Huayun,REN Xiaoqun,DAI Yan(Dept. of Pharmacy,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest
        Medical University,Sichuan Luzhou 646000,China)

        ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting individualized medication in clinic. METHODS:Information on
        external quality assessment (EQA) projects and approved kits for the guidance of chemical drug use were collected from the
        websites of National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) and National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) as of
        December 31,2019. The number of laboratories participating in each evaluation project was count. Taking EQA projects of
        clopidogrel and warfarin drug metabolism gene polymorphism detection as examples,who was with the highest participation rate,
        the methods and reagent kits of each laboratory were analyzed so as to analyze the current status of the clinical pharmacogenomics
        (PGx)in China. RESULTS:The number of PGx genetic test EQA projects conducted by NCCL increased from 3(2014)to 9
        (2019). The total number of participating laboratories was 926 in 2018,and 1 249 in 2019. The number of laboratories of warfarin
        and clopidogrel drug metabolism gene polymorphism detection increased from 57 to 300.5 for warfarin and from 124 to 374.5 for
        clopidogrel. The more widely used methods were fluorescent PCR and PCR-chip hybridization. The number of reagent kits currently
        approved by NMPA was 7 for warfarin and 15 for clopidogrel,respectively. But some of the laboratories participating in EQA used
        self-prepared reagents yet. CONCLUSIONS:The clinical PGx is in its infancy,and the awareness of laboratories about EQA is
        improving;the main method was fluorescence PCR,but the use of self-made reagents in laboratories is still common, regulations
        concerning the approval,use and supervision still need to be further improved.
        KEYWORDS     Clinical pharmacogenomics;External quality assessment;In vitro diagnostic reagents;Warfarin;Clopidogrel;
        Development status


            药物基因组学(Pharmacogenomics,PGx)主要研究                可从深层次解释药物疗效与安全性的个体差异                     [1-2] 。除
        药物代谢酶、转运体与作用靶点的基因多态性等内容,                            PGx基础研究外,目前的研究重点还包括将发现的基因
                                                                                                      [3]
                                                            突变合理地应用于临床,以助力临床个体化用药 。由
            Δ 基金项目:西南医科大学附属医院科研课题计划及经费、重点
        学科建设经费项目(No. 2017-PT-12);西南医科大学校级科研项目               此衍生出临床PGx,即利用患者的遗传信息指导临床选
        (No.2019ZQN009)                                     择最佳药物、优化用药方案,以提高疗效、减少药物不良
            *药师,硕士。研究方向:基于基因检测与治疗药物监测的个体                    反应(ADR),从而改善患者预后、节约医疗成本 。
                                                                                                    [4]
        化用药指导。电话:0830-3165760。E-mail:cyyou7@126.com
                                                                2015 年,国家卫生计生委医政医管局印发的《药物
            # 通信作者:副主任药师,博士。研究方向:药物基因组学、治疗
                                                            代谢酶和药物作用靶点基因检测技术指南(试行)》 和
                                                                                                        [5]
        药物监测。电话:0830-3165582。E-mail:daiyan15881957136@126.
                                                                                              [6]
        com                                                《肿瘤个体化治疗检测技术指南(试行)》 进一步推动了
        ·1938 ·  China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 16                                 中国药房    2020年第31卷第16期
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