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陕西省医护人员的危害药品职业暴露及相关认知水平调查研究 Δ

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朱玉蓉 ，龙 欣，王 政，程 锴，陈延绅，刘 花，封卫毅（西安交通大学第一附属医院药学部，西安
＊
710061）

中图分类号 R952 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2020）07-0869-04
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.07.20

摘 要 目的：了解医护人员的危害药品（化疗药和抗病毒药）职业暴露情况及其相关认知水平，为提高职业防护水平提供参考。
方法：在2018年10月－2019年3月期间，向陕西省12家不同级别医院、不同科室的医护人员发放自行设计的调查问卷，问卷包括
受访者一般资料、危害药品暴露情况、健康状况及职业防护情况4个方面，对回收的有效问卷进行统计分析。结果：共发放问卷
1 848份，收回1 767份，其中95名受访者为药学相关人员，100名为临床医师，1 572名为临床护理人员。长期暴露于抗病毒药的
医护人员（抗病毒药暴露组）以及交叉暴露于抗病毒药和化疗药的医护人员（交叉暴露组）的腹泻和月经周期不正常的发生频率显
著高于未暴露组（P＜0.05）。交叉暴露组、抗病毒药暴露组以及长期暴露于化疗药物的医护人员（化疗药暴露组）的血常规检查异
常率分别比未暴露组高9.13％、5.50％、12.34％。84.7％的受访者对危害药品知识的掌握程度不高，8.15％的受访者从未接触过职
业防护培训，且交叉暴露组医护人员接受职业防护培训的比例显著高于未暴露组（P＜0.05），抗病毒药暴露组医护人员接受职业
防护培训的比例显著低于未暴露组（P＜0.05）。结论：长期暴露于危害药品会对医护人员造成一定的职业危害，应提高医护人员
自身防护意识，加强医院对医护人员职业防护培训的重视，建立职业防护标准，以改善医护人员的职业防护现状。
关键词 危害药品；化疗药；抗病毒药；职业危害；职业防护；陕西省

Investigation and Study on Occupational Exposure for Hazardous Drugs of Healthcare Workers in Shaanxi
Province and Relative Cognition Level
ZHU Yurong，LONG Xin，WANG Zheng，CHENG Kai，CHEN Yanshen，LIU Hua，FENG Weiyi（Dept. of
Pharmacy，the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710061，China）

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To understand the situation of healthcare workers’ occupational exposure of hazardous drugs
（chemotherapeutic drugs and antiviral drug） and relative cognition level，and to provide reference for improving the level of
occupational protection. METHODS：During Oct. 2018 to Mar. 2019，healthcare workers from 12 hospitals of different levels and
different departments in Shaanxi province were selected as respondents to conduct a self-designed questionnaire survey. Information
we surveyed contained baseline characteristics，hazardous drugs exposure，physical health status，and occupational protection. Valid
questionnaires were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS：A totally of 1 848 questionnaires were sent out，and 1 767
questionnaires were collected，including 95 were pharmacists，100 were physicians，and 1 572 were nurses. The frequency of
diarrhea and menstrual disorders in healthcare workers with long-term exposure to antiviral drugs（antiviral drug exposure group）
and cross-exposure to antiviral drugs and chemotherapeutic drugs（cross-exposure group）were significantly higher than unexposed
group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of routine blood abnormalities in cross-exposure group，antiviral drug exposure group and
healthcare workers with long-term exposure to chemotherapy drugs （chemotherapy drug exposure group） was higher than
unexposed group by 9.13％，5.50％ and 12.34％，respectively. 84.7％ of the respondents had little knowledge of hazardous drugs，
and 8.15％ of the respondents had never received occupational protection training. Additionally，the ratio of healthcare workers
receiving occupational protection training in the cross-exposure group was significantly higher than unexposed group（P＜0.05），
and the ratio of healthcare workers receiving occupational protection training in antiviral drug exposure group were significantly
lower than unexposed group（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：Long-term exposure to hazardous drugs will cause certain occupational
hazards to healthcare workers. It is necessary to improve healthcare workers’awareness of self-protection，increase the input of
hospitals in occupational protection training and establish occupational protection standards in order to improve the current situation
of occupational protection of healthcare workers.
KEYWORDS Hazardous drugs； Chemotherapy drug；
Δ 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.81972814）
＊药师，硕士。研究方向：医院药学。E-mail：zhuyurong0819@si- Antiviral drug；Occupational hazard；Occupational protection；
na.com Shaanxi province
# 通信作者：主任药师，博士。研究方向：医院药学。电话：029-
85323242。E-mail：fengweiyi@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中国药房 2020年第31卷第7期 China Pharmacy 2020 Vol. 31 No. 7 ·869 ·