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ABSTRACT    OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application of individualization dosage auxiliary system JPKD and SmartDose in
        individualization administration of vancomycin. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted among adult inpatients in Hainan
        Provincial People’s Hospital from Apr. 2018 to Mar. 2019 with intravenous use of vancomycin. SmartDose was used to predict the
        steady blood trough concentration of vancomycin in the initial dosage regimen,and the absolute weight deviation and relative
        prediction error between the measured concentration and the predicted concentration were calculated. The effects of body mass
        index(BMI)and acute kidney injury(AKI)on absolute weight deviation were analyzed by χ test or continuously corrected χ test.
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        Vancomycin drug delivery scheme was adjusted for patients with ungualified steady blood drug trough concentration. JPKD and
        SmartDose system were used to predict the blood concentration of vancomycin after adjusting the dosage regimen. The absolute
        weight deviation and relative prediction error between the measured concentration and the predicted concentration were calculated.
        The prediction ability of the two systems was evaluated and 3 examples was analyzed. RESULTS:Predicted steady blood trough
        blood concentration of 85 included patients in SmartDose predicted initial dosage regimen were(11.36±5.96)μg/mL(2.34-29.33
        μg/mL);the measured concentration was(11.44±6.57)μg/mL(3.10-29.50 μg/mL);absolute weight deviation was 22.95%,and
        the relative prediction error was 2.72%. Whether BMI was normal or not had significant effects on the absolute weight deviation
       (χ =4.75,P=0.029),and whether AKI occurred or not had no significant effects on the absolute weight deviation(χ =0.236,
                                                                                                    2
          2
        P=0.627). JPKD and SmartDose predicted that predicted steady blood trough concentrations of vancomycin in 22 included patients
        were(11.06 ± 3.58)and(12.15 ± 4.35)μ g/mL,and the measured concentration was (12.57 ± 4.50)μ g/mL;absolute weight
        deviations were 18.30% and 18.68%;relative prediction errors were -8.65% and -0.44%,respectively. The absolute weight
        deviations of the predicted values of the two systems were less than 30%. The absolute weight deviations of prediction results were
        also less than 30% in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: JPKD and SmartDose system have good predictive ability for blood
        concentration of vancomycin in clinical application,and can be used to optimize the individualized administration of vancomycin.
        KEYWORDS Vancomycin;Individualization dosage auxiliary system;JPKD;SmartDose;Blood concentration;Prediction


            万 古 霉 素 是 治 疗 耐 甲 氧 西 林 金 黄 色 葡 萄 球 菌          两款软件均采用了基于贝叶斯和 PPK 的方法进行剂量
       (Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)感染  调整的计算。我院于 2014 年开展万古霉素 TDM 工作,
        的一线药物,其治疗窗窄,具有明显的个体差异,目前已                          逐步将 JPKD 和 SmartDose 应用于临床,现将上述两种
        有多部指南和专家共识用于指导万古霉素的临床应用,                           个体化给药辅助系统的临床应用情况进行分析,探讨二
        并且一致推荐进行治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug mon-               者在万古霉素个体化给药中的应用效果。
        itoring,TDM) 。中国药理学会治疗药物监测研究专                      1 资料来源与方法
                    [1-5]
        业委员会于2015年发布了我国首个治疗药物监测指南,                         1.1  病例资料
        通过对万古霉素TDM的必要性进行系统评价和Meta分                             以 2018 年 4 月-2019 年 3 月在海南省人民医院住
        析,明确表明万古霉素 TDM 可以显著提高治疗有效率                         院并静脉使用万古霉素的成人患者为研究对象进行回
                    [6]
        和降低肾毒性 。指南建议非重症患者稳态血药谷浓度                           顾性研究。纳入标准:(1)住院期间静脉使用万古霉素
        维持在 10~15 μg/mL,重症患者维持在 10~20 μg/mL,               并至少监测 1 次血药浓度;(2)年龄≥18 岁;(3)万古霉
        推荐选择符合各自医院患者的群体药动学(Poulation                       素血药浓度达到稳态;(4)采血方法、时间等均正确。排
        pharmacokinetics,PPK)模型和方法,提出基于模型给药                除标准:(1)年龄<18岁;(2)进行血液滤过、血液透析和
        有利于提高患者血药浓度达标率和细菌清除率 。已有                           腹膜透析;(3)万古霉素血药浓度未达到稳态;(4)采血
                                                [5]
        多项研究表明,使用PPK模型有助于更加精准和个体化                          方法或时间不正确。收集记录入组患者的身高、体质
        的给药方案设计       [7-11] 。                             量、血肌酐、万古霉素给药剂量、万古霉素血药浓度等信
            为了方便临床应用,一些操作简便、自动化程度高                         息,采用美国慢性肾脏病流行病合作工作组开发的
        的用药辅助软件被开发出来,如台湾高雄医科大学开发                           CKD-EPI 公式计算肌酐清除率(CCR) ,采用体质量
                                                                                             [13]
        的 Java PK for Desktop(JPKD)可用于多种药物的给药              (kg)与身高(m)平方的比值计算体质量指数(BMI)。
                 ®
        方案设计并可用于运行新的药动学模型,主界面包括                            1.2 血药浓度监测方法
       “Input”“Output”和“Estimate”三个部分。近年来上海复                   使用西门子Viva-E全自动药物浓度分析仪,采用均
        旦大学附属华山医院牵头收集中国人群万古霉素 PPK                          相酶放大免疫法测定万古霉素血药浓度,检测试剂盒为
        特征参数,结合R语言rjags包的最大后验贝叶斯反馈法                        西门子公司万古霉素检测试剂盒(Emit 2000 Vancomy-
                                                                                             ®
        开发出了个体化给药决策辅助系统 SmartDose,可针对                      cin Assay),定标试剂为西门子公司万古霉素定标液
        普通成人以及新生儿、老年人、神经外科患者等特殊人                           (Emit 2000 Vancomycin Calibrators),质控品为伯乐生
                                                                ®
        群制订个体化的给药方案,包括制订初始方案、根据监                           物制剂公司血清质控品(Liquichek therapoutic drug mon-
                                                [12]
        测结果调整方案和自定义方案三大功能模块 。上述                            itoring control)。严格遵守试验操作规范和试剂使用说

        中国药房    2019年第30卷第19期                                             China Pharmacy 2019 Vol. 30 No. 19  ·2691  ·
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