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红花提取物对RBL-2H3细胞的免疫毒性及机制研究
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吴思澜 ，梅小利，罗金萍，张 莉，黄思行，黄崇刚（重庆市中药研究院中药药理毒理研究所/国家中医药管理局
中药药理三级实验室，重庆 400065）
中图分类号 R285.5；R965.3 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2026）08-1003-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.08.06
摘 要 目的 探究红花提取物直接诱导以及超剂量红花提取物致敏血清诱导对类肥大细胞RBL-2H3的免疫毒性及潜在机制。
方法 红花提取物直接诱导研究将RBL-2H3细胞分为正常对照组（不做任何处理）与红花提取物组（10 mg/mL）；超剂量红花提取
物致敏血清诱导研究将大鼠分为正常对照组（不做任何处理）、佐剂处理组（佐剂1 mL）、红花提取物诱导致敏组（2.04 g/mL）和卵
清蛋白（OVA）诱导致敏组（50 mg/mL），隔日1次，共致敏3次。观察RBL-2H3细胞形态学变化，并计算脱颗粒率，检测组胺含量，
计算β-氨基己糖苷酶（β-Hex）释放率，检测白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平和细胞内Ca 浓度。结果 在红花提
2+
取物直接诱导下，与正常对照组比较，红花提取物组细胞体积明显缩小，细胞密度减少；细胞脱颗粒率、组胺含量、β-Hex释放率、
IL-6和TNF-α水平，以及细胞内Ca 浓度均显著升高（P＜0.01）。在超剂量红花提取物致敏血清诱导下，与佐剂处理组比较，红花
2+
提取物诱导致敏组、OVA诱导致敏组上述指标结果，与直接诱导条件下红花提取物组变化一致（P＜0.01）。结论 红花提取物可能
通过直接诱导以及超剂量使用致敏血清诱导这两种方式影响RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒，促进Ca 内流，同时伴随促炎性细胞因子释
2+
放；其作用机制可能与多组分协同作用下钙信号通路的激活以及炎症通路的调控相关。
关键词 红花提取物；肥大细胞；RBL-2H3；脱颗粒；免疫毒性
Study on the immunotoxicity and mechanism of Carthamus tinctorius extract on RBL-2H3 cells
WU Silan，MEI Xiaoli，LUO Jinping，ZHANG Li，HUANG Sixing，HUANG Chonggang（Institute of
pharmacology and Toxicology of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica/
Third Grade Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica， National Administration of Traditional
Chinese Medicine， Chongqing 400065， China）
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunotoxicity and potential mechanism of Carthamus tinctorius extract on RBL-
2H3 cells via direct induction and induction by sensitized serum prepared with an overdose of the extract. METHODS For direct
induction by C. tinctorius extract， RBL-2H3 cells were divided into normal control group （no treatment） and C. tinctorius extract
group （10 mg/mL）. For induction by sensitized serum prepared with an overdose of C. tinctorius extract， rats were divided into
normal control group （no treatment）， adjuvant-treated group （1 mL adjuvant）， C. tinctorius extract-induced sensitization group
（2.04 g/mL）， and ovalbumin （OVA）-induced sensitization group （50 mg/mL）. Sensitization was performed once every other day
for a total of 3 times. Morphological changes of RBL-2H3 cells were observed， the degranulated rate of cells was counted， and
histamine content was determined； the release rate of β-hexosaminidase （β-Hex） was calculated， the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）
and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration were detected. RESULTS Under direct induction by C.
tinctorius extract， compared with the normal control group， the volume of cells in the C. tinctorius extract group was significantly
reduced and cell density decreased； the degranulation rate of cells， histamine content， β-Hex release rate， IL-6 and TNF-α levels，
as well as intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration were all significantly increased （P＜0.01）. Under induction by sensitized serum prepared
with an overdose of C. tinctorius extract， compared with the adjuvant-treated group， the above indicators in the C. tinctorius extract-
induced sensitization group and the OVA-induced sensitization group showed consistent changes with those in the C. tinctorius
extract group under direct induction， all being significantly elevated （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS C. tinctorius extract may affect
degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and promote Ca²⁺ influx accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through two
approaches： direct induction and induction by sensitized serum prepared under overdose administration. Its mechanism may be
related to the activation of the calcium signaling pathway and the regulation of inflammatory pathways under the synergistic effect
of multiple components.
KEYWORDS Carthamus tinctorius extract； mast cells； RBL-2H3； degranulation； immunotoxicity
Δ 基金项目 国家重点研发计划课题（No.2022YFC3501603）；重庆
市中医药重点学科建设项目［No.委办（2022-66）］ 随着中医药在国内外的广泛应用，中药相关安全性
＊第一作者 工程师。研究方向：中药药理毒理机制。E-mail：
问题时有报道，尤其是一些被认为“无毒”的传统中药，
253151262@qq.com
在临床使用过程中也出现了明显的不良反应，这使得中
# 通信作者 研究员。研究方向：中药药理毒理机制。E-mail：
hcg2091@163.com 药的安全性问题受到越来越多的关注 [1―3] 。然而，现有
中国药房 2026年第37卷第8期 China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 8 · 1003 ·
