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hearing loss in each group (intratympanic group: P=0.005; postauricular group: P<0.001). Moreover, a significant linear trend
relationship was observed between the degree of hearing loss and treatment efficacy grades (P<0.001), indicating that the more
severe the hearing loss, the poorer the treatment outcome (P<0.05). Notably, the intratympanic group demonstrated superior
efficacy compared with the postauricular group in patients with severe and profound hearing loss (P<0.05). Among patients
presenting with vertigo prior to treatment, the postauricular group exhibited a significantly higher response rate than the
intratympanic group (P<0.05), while no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in patients with
tinnitus (P>0.05). Regarding coagulation parameters, fibrinogen (FIB) levels and activated partial thromboplastin time decreased
or shortened significantly following therapy (P<0.05), whereas thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time were significantly
prolonged (P<0.05). Moreover, the postauricular group showed lower FIB levels and longer TT values compared with the
intratympanic group (P<0.05). No significant differences were identified between the two groups in the incidence of
gastrointestinal reactions, bleeding manifestations, hepatic or renal dysfunction, or allergic reactions (P>0.05); however,
vestibular adverse reactions occurred more frequently in the intratympanic group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with
intratympanic injection, postauricular dexamethasone injection combined with conventional treatment regimens achieved comparable
efficacy in overall hearing improvement in SSNHL patients with all frequency loss. However, the postauricular injection shows
potential advantages in vertigo relief, enhancing treatment response in patients with varying degrees of hearing loss, regulating of
coagulation function, and declucing of vestibular adverse reactions, while the intratympanic injection may be more suitable for
patients with severe hearing loss.
KEYWORDS sudden sensorineural hearing loss with all frequency loss; dexamethasone; postauricular injection; intratympanic
injection; efficacy; safety
突发性聋(简称“突聋”),是指72 h内发生的不明原 作,对操作者要求高,且可能存在鼓膜穿孔、中耳感染等
因的感音神经性听力损失,表现为至少两个连续频率听 风险。相比之下,耳后注射尽管起效较慢,但操作简单、
[1]
[11]
力下降≥20 dB HL 。研究显示,2015-2020 年我国突 安全性强、药效持久 。本研究旨在对比耳后注射与鼓
聋年发病率约为(5~20)/10万;随着当前社会生活与工 室内注射地塞米松联合常规治疗方案治疗全频下降型
作节奏加快,该病发病率逐年升高,并呈现年轻化趋 突聋的疗效与安全性,为进一步完善该病的临床管理提
势 。目前,85%~90%突聋的具体发病原因尚不明确, 供依据。
[2]
但有研究提示其可能与内耳微循环障碍、免疫异常、病 1 资料与方法
[3]
毒感染及精神性因素等多种因素有关 。按照听力受累 1.1 研究对象
频率及听力曲线特征,通常将突聋分为低频下降型、高 本研究为真实世界的回顾性队列研究,按照时间顺
频下降型、平坦下降型和全聋型,其中平坦下降型突聋 序连续纳入 2020 年 6 月 1 日至 2025 年 5 月 31 日于我院
[4]
和全聋型突聋统称为全频下降型突聋 。当前临床对该 就诊的全频下降型突聋患者150例为研究对象。根据患
病多采用以全身激素(口服或静脉注射)联合降纤维蛋 者实际接受的不同地塞米松给药方式,将其分为鼓室组
白原(fibrinogen,FIB)药物为主的综合性治疗方案,前者 (鼓室内注射,n=78)及耳后组(耳后注射,n=72)。本
主要作用是抗炎、减轻耳内水肿和抑制免疫反应,后者(代 研究已获得我院医学伦理审查委员会审批同意[批件
[5]
表性药物是巴曲酶)旨在改善内耳微循环 ;同时辅助以 号:【2025】研审第(116-001)号]。
营养神经、抗病毒药物等治疗,取得了良好的临床 1.2 纳入与排除标准
[6]
效果 。 本研究的纳入标准为:(1)年龄 18~65 岁;(2)参照
近年来,激素局部给药(包括鼓室内注射和耳后注 《突发性聋诊断和治疗指南(2015)》 中的标准,诊断为
[12]
[7]
射)受到广大学者的关注和研究 。已有大量研究证实 全频下降型突聋;(3)首次发病且病程<1 个月,既往无
了局部给药治疗全频下降型突聋的可行性和有效 相关病史及治疗史;(4)单耳发病;(5)临床资料完善。
性 [8―9] 。局部给药的方式不仅可以避免全身用药带来的 本研究的排除标准为:(1)合并其他导致耳聋疾病
副作用,还可以缩短药物到达内耳的时间,提高药物在 的患者,如急/慢性中耳炎、梅尼埃病等;(2)合并重要脏
[10]
内耳的浓度,配合巴曲酶等药物,具有良好的效果 。 器严重功能障碍者;(3)有明确导致突聋的病因(如药
其中,鼓室内注射尽管起效迅速,但需要借助耳内镜操 物、外伤等)者;(4)既往有耳鸣、眩晕及耳闷病史者;(5)
· 640 · China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 5 中国药房 2026年第37卷第5期

