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基于组学技术的中医药干预腹泻型肠易激综合征机制研究进展
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高山雪 ,马佳乐 ,彭 龙 ,陈 婕 (1.天津中医药大学研究生院,天津 301617;2.天津中医药大学第二附属
1*
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医院消化科,天津 300250)
中图分类号 R574.4;R256 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2026)03-0401-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.03.22
摘 要 腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)作为微生物群-肠-脑轴相关的典型疾病,其发病机制尚未完全明确,临床诊疗仍面临挑战。
组学技术凭借高通量检测与系统性解析的优势,成为了解码中医药治疗IBS-D的复杂机制的关键工具。本文系统综述了转录组
学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、微生物组学及多组学整合技术在中医药干预IBS-D中的研究进展,发现在单一组学研究中,转录组学
可通过RNA测序等技术,揭示中医药对IBS-D相关信号通路的调控机制;蛋白质组学可借助双向差异凝胶电泳、串联质谱标签等
定量技术筛选出差异蛋白,阐明中医药治疗IBS-D的作用靶点;代谢组学可通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱、液相
色谱-串联质谱等方法,发现中医药改善IBS-D代谢紊乱的相关通路;微生物组学可基于16S RNA基因测序,证实中医药能重塑肠
道菌群结构,恢复肠道微生态平衡,从而改善IBS-D。多组学整合研究能进一步突破单一组学局限,整合转录组学、蛋白质组学、
代谢组学、微生物组学等多方面信息,更加全面、系统地阐释中医药治疗IBS-D的复杂机制。未来应从中医证型分层临床研究、多
组学整合验证机制、新兴组学挖掘新机制三方面推进IBS-D相关研究,为该病的精准诊疗提供更多创新思路。
关键词 肠易激综合征;中医药;肠道微生态;转录组学;蛋白质组学;代谢组学;微生物组学;多组学整合
Progress in mechanistic research on traditional Chinese medicine interventions for irritable bowel
syndrome with diarrhea based on omics technologies
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GAO Shanxue ,MA Jiale ,PENG Long ,CHEN Jie (1. Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;2. Dept. of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China)
ABSTRACT Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), as a prototypical disorder involving the microbiota-gut-brain axis,
remains poorly understood in terms of its pathogenesis, posing ongoing challenges for clinical diagnosis. Omics technologies,
leveraging their high-throughput detection and systematic analysis advantages, has emerged as a critical tool for deciphering the
complex mechanisms underlying traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment of IBS-D. This systematic review summarizes the
research progress of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and multi-omics integration techniques in TCM
interventions for IBS-D. In single-omics studies, transcriptomics using techniques like RNA-seq, reveals the regulatory mechanisms
of TCM on IBS-related signaling pathways. Proteomics, leveraging quantitative technologies such as 2D-difference gel
electrophoresis and tandem mass tag, identifies differentially expressed proteins and elucidates the action targets of TCM in treating
IBS-D. Metabolomics, employing methods like UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, discovers metabolic pathways regulated by
TCM to improve metabolic disturbances in IBS-D. Microbiomics, based on 16S rRNA sequencing, confirms that TCM can reshape
the gut microbiota structure and restore the intestinal microecological balance, thereby improving IBS-D. Multi-omics integration
further overcomes the limitations of single-omics approaches by synthesizing information from transcriptomics, proteomics,
metabolomics, and microbiomics, enabling a more comprehensive and systematic elucidation of the complex mechanisms
underlying TCM treatment for IBS-D. In the future, research related to IBS-D should be advanced from three aspects: stratified
clinical research based on TCM syndrome types, multi-omics integration verification mechanisms, and emerging omics to explore
new mechanisms, providing more innovative ideas for the precise diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
KEYWORDS irritable bowel syndrome; traditional Chinese medicine; gut microbiota; transcriptomics; proteomics;
metabolomics; microbiomics; multi-omics integration
Δ 基金项目 天 津 市 教 委 科 研 计 划 项 目(No. 2024ZD012,No. 组学技术是全面、系统分析生物体内各类生物分子
2021KJ152) 的技术总称,涵盖转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、微
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:功能性胃肠病。E-mail:
生物组学等。其依托高通量测序、质谱及生物信息学技
18822195339@163.com
术,可实现从细胞至生物体的整体水平检测、生命活动
# 通信作者 主任医师,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:功能性胃肠
病。E-mail:chenjie_zy@126.com 相关数据分析,因而被广泛用于疾病机制研究、生物标
中国药房 2026年第37卷第3期 China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 3 · 401 ·

