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·综述·
人脐带间充质干细胞干预神经退行性变性疾病的研究进展
Δ
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徐红彩 1, 2* ,许玉珉 1, 2, 3 # ,刘诗雨 ,闫化雨 ,刘 源 ,杨 鑫 ,吴亚博 (1.河南中医药大学第一附属医院
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脑病科,郑州 451200;2.河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,郑州 450046;3.中西医防治重大疾病河南省协同
创新中心,郑州 451200)
中图分类号 R971;R741 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2026)03-0395-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.03.21
摘 要 人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC)作为一种细胞药物治疗策略,因其自我更新、多向分化及低免疫原性等优势,在神经退
行性变性疾病(NDD)领域展现出显著的应用潜力。hUC-MSC主要通过归巢与分化、介导旁分泌与释放外泌体、免疫调节与抗炎
等多重机制,有效干预阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化、多发性硬化症等多种疾病模型的病理特征与神经功能。已开展
的几项临床研究也初步验证了hUC-MSC的安全性与有效性。当前其研究仍面临免疫排斥反应尚需进一步观察、长期安全性有待
评估、作用机制未完全阐明、临床试验推进缓慢等挑战。未来研究需构建hUC-MSC的药品化标准,深化其药理机制与临床试验,
最终为NDD患者提供新的有效药物治疗选择。
关键词 人脐带间充质干细胞;神经退行性变性疾病;阿尔茨海默病;帕金森病;肌萎缩侧索硬化症;多发性硬化;归巢;外泌体
Research progress on the intervention of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell in neurodegenerative
disease
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XU Hongcai ,XU Yumin 1, 2, 3 ,LIU Shiyu ,YAN Huayu ,LIU Yuan ,YANG Xin ,WU Yabo (1. Dept. of
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Encephalopathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 451200,
China;2. First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of
Major Diseases in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 451200, China)
ABSTRACT Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) as a cell-based therapeutic strategy have demonstrated
significant application potential in the field of intervention for neurodegenerative disease (NDD) due to their advantages such as
self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, and low immunogenicity. hUC-MSC effectively intervenes in the pathological
features and neurological functions of various disease models such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis primarily through multiple mechanisms such as homing and differentiation, mediating paracrine
actions and releasing exosomes, as well as immune regulation and anti-inflammation. Some clinical studies have also preliminarily
verified their safety and effectiveness. Currently, its research still faces challenges such as immune rejection reactions requiring
further observation, long-term safety needing evaluation, mechanisms of action not being fully elucidated, and slow progress in
clinical trials. Future research needs to establish pharmaceutical standards for hUC-MSC, deepen their pharmacological mechanisms
and clinical trials, ultimately providing new and effective drug treatment options for patients with NDD.
KEYWORDS human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell; neurodegenerative disease; Alzheimer disease; Parkinson’s disease;
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis; homing; exosome
神经退行性变性疾病(neurodegenerative disease,
Δ 基金项目 国家科技重大专项课题(No.2024ZD0522202);河南 NDD)是指中枢或周围神经元结构和功能渐进性丧失、
省博士后基金项目(No.HN2022083);河南省医学科技攻关计划省部 神经元凋亡的一类神经系统疾病。其临床表现具有较
共建重点项目(No.SBGJ202302101);河南省科技发展计划项目(No. 大的异质性,主要影响患者的认知、语言、运动、感觉
242102311255);河南省卫生健康委国家中医药传承创新中心科研专 等 功能。常见的 NDD 包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer
项(No.2023ZXZX1004) disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)、肌萎
* 第一作者 硕 士 。 研 究 方 向 :中 西 医 防 治 脑 病 。 E-mail:
缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、多发性
17837169557@163.com
# 通信作者 副主任医师,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:中西医防 硬化症(multiple sclerosis,MS)等。根据世界卫生组织
治脑病。E-mail:xuyumin6688@163.com 预测,2040 年 NDD 将取代癌症成为人类第二大致死疾
中国药房 2026年第37卷第3期 China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 3 · 395 ·

