Page 84 - 《中国药房》2026年2期

美沙酮维持治疗患者成功戒断的影响因素分析
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莫国栋 ，林 悦 ，陈英辉 ，庄立创 ，郑雷生 ，汪保国 （1.中山市第二人民医院，广东 中山 528447；2.广东药
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科大学公共卫生学院，广州 510006；3.中山市港口医院药剂科，广东 中山 528447）
中图分类号 R971；R969 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2026）02-0210-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.02.13
摘 要 目的 探讨美沙酮维持治疗患者成功戒断的影响因素。方法 回顾性选择2012年1月1日至2025年1月1日在中山市第
二人民医院南区分院（包括中山市石岐区、西区、开发区等美沙酮维持治疗服药点）收治的 161 例美沙酮维持治疗患者为研究对
象。收集患者的社会人口学信息、毒品滥用史、实验室检测结果、用药记录等。根据美沙酮是否被成功戒断将患者分为未成功戒
断组和成功戒断组，采用单因素、单因素Cox回归和多因素Cox比例风险回归进行影响因素分析，并采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生
存分析。结果 161例患者中，成功戒断组有96例，未成功戒断组有65例，成功戒断率为59.63%。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析
结果显示，年龄、户籍地、第一次吸毒年龄、吸毒年限对美沙酮维持治疗患者成功戒断均有显著影响（P＜0.05）。其中，中山市本地
户籍患者的成功戒断率是外市户籍的8.364倍；患者年龄每增加1岁，成功戒断率降低22.7%；第一次吸毒年龄每增加1年，成功戒
断率上升33.4%；吸毒年限每增加1年，成功戒断率增加33.5%。生存分析结果显示，美沙酮末次服用低剂量组（≤30.8 mg）患者的
成功戒断率显著高于美沙酮末次服用高剂量组（＞30.8 mg）患者（P＝0.015），中山市本地户籍人群的成功戒断率显著高于外市户
籍人群（P＜0.001）。结论 年龄、户籍地、第一次吸毒年龄、吸毒年限是美沙酮维持治疗患者成功戒断的独立影响因素，而美沙酮
末次服用剂量可能与成功戒断相关。
关键词 美沙酮维持治疗；美沙酮；阿片类药物；戒断；吸毒；影响因素

Analysis of influencing factors for successful detoxification in patients undergoing methadone maintenance
therapy
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MO Guodong ，LIN Yue ，CHEN Yinghui ，ZHUANG Lichuang ，ZHENG Leisheng ，WANG Baoguo（1. Zhongshan
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Second People’s Hospital， Guangdong Zhongshan 528447， China；2. School of Public Health， Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University， Guangzhou 510006， China；3. Dept. of Pharmacy， Zhongshan Port Hospital，
Guangdong Zhongshan 528447， China）
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore the influencing factors for successful detoxification in patients undergoing methadone
maintenance therapy. METHODS A retrospective selection of 161 methadone maintenance therapy patients from the South Branch
of Zhongshan Second People’s Hospital （including methadone maintenance treatment sites in Shiqi District， Xiqu District，
Development Zone of Zhongshan City） from January 1， 2012， to January 1， 2025， was conducted as the study object. Data
collected included patients’ sociodemographic information， drug abuse history， laboratory test results， medication records， etc.
Patients were divided into the unsuccessful detoxification group and the successful detoxification group based on whether methadone
detoxification was achieved. Univariate， univariate Cox regression， and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were used
for influencing factor analysis， and the Kaplan-Meier method was employed for survival analysis. RESULTS Among the 161
methadone maintenance therapy patients， 96 were in the successful detoxification group and 65 in the unsuccessful detoxification
group， yielding a successful detoxification rate of 59.63%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that
age， registered residence status， age at first drug use， and duration of drug abuse were key influencing factors for successful
detoxification in methadone maintenance therapy patients （P＜0.05）. Specifically， the successful detoxification rate for patients
with Zhongshan local registered residence was 8.364 times higher than that for patients with non-local registered residence； for
every 1-year increase in patient age， the successful detoxification rate decreased by 22.7%； for every 1-year increase in age at first
drug use， the successful detoxification rate rose by 33.4%； and for every 1-year increase in duration of drug abuse， the successful
detoxification rate increased by 33.5%. Survival analysis showed that the successful detoxification rate in the methadone low-dose
group （≤30.8 mg） was significantly higher than that in the
Δ 基金项目 中山市社会公益科技研究项目（No.2019B1077） methadone high-dose group （＞30.8 mg） （P＝0.015）， and the
＊第一作者 主任药师，硕士。研究方向：临床药物依赖、医院制
successful detoxification rate in the population with Zhongshan
剂。E-mail：moguodong2002@163.com
# 通信作者 教授，硕士生导师。研究方向：公共卫生。E-mail： local registered residence was significantly higher than that in
gdwangbaoguo@163.com those with non-local registered residence （P＜0.001）.

· 210 · China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 2 中国药房 2026年第37卷第2期