Page 38 - 《中国药房》2026年2期

栀子姜制前后化学成分差异及质量分析
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唐莉华 ，吴 宇 ，黄学娣 ，胡晓莲 ，唐 怡 ，陈子龙 ，肖小凡 ，叶喜德 （1.江西省中西医结合医院药剂科，
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南昌 330003；2.江西中医药大学药学院，南昌 330004）
中图分类号 R917；R283.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2026）02-0168-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2026.02.06
摘 要 目的 分析栀子姜制前后化学成分的差异，评价不同产地姜栀子的质量差异。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间串联
质谱法分析栀子姜制前后的成分差异，根据2020年版《中国药典》测定姜栀子的水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物含量，采用高效液相
色谱法测定姜栀子中京尼平龙胆双糖苷、栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ的含量。结果 从生栀子与姜栀子中共鉴定出49个成
分，包括黄酮类14个、环烯醚萜类15个、有机酸类10个、生物碱类2个、其他类8个，其中生栀子中有42个成分，姜栀子中有28个
成分，二者共有成分21个。姜制后，生栀子减少了21个成分（包括环烯醚萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类、其他类），新增了7个成分（包括
香豆素类、有机酸类、有机酸酯类、黄酮类）。15批姜栀子的水分含量为5.64%～7.11%、总灰分含量为2.92%～4.87%、醇溶性浸出
物含量为40.61%～58.02%；京尼平龙胆双糖苷、栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ的平均含量分别为0.108 7、0.542 2、0.565 0、0.012 5
mg/g。结论 栀子姜制后减少了21个成分，新增了7个成分；不同产地姜栀子的水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物和京尼平龙胆双糖苷、
栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ、西红花苷Ⅱ含量存在差异，其中福建产地样品中京尼平龙胆双糖苷和醇溶性浸出物含量较高，江西产地样品
中西红花苷Ⅰ含量较高。
关键词 栀子；姜栀子；炮制；UPLC-TOF-MS/MS；化学成分；质量差异

Differences in chemical components and quality analysis of Gardenia jasminoides before and after
processing with ginger
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TANG Lihua ，WU Yu ，HUANG Xuedi ，HU Xiaolian ，TANG Yi ，CHEN Zilong ，XIAO Xiaofan ，YE Xide（1.
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Dept. of Pharmacy， Jiangxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine，
Nanchang 330003， China；2. School of Pharmacy， Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine， Nanchang 330004，
China）
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides before and after
processing with ginger， and to evaluate the quality differences among different producing areas. METHODS Ultra-high
performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze the compositional differences of
G. jasminoides before and after processing with ginger. The water content， total ash， and ethanol-soluble extract content of ginger-
processed G. jasminoides were determined according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. High performance liquid
chromatography was adopted to determine the contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ in ginger-
processed G. jasminoides. RESULTS A total of 49 chemical components were identified from raw G. jasminoides and ginger-
processed G. jasminoides， including 14 flavonoids， 15 iridoids， 10 organic acids， 2 alkaloids and 8 other compounds. Among
them， 42 components were detected in raw G. jasminoides， 28 in ginger-processed G. jasminoides， and 21 components were
common to both. After processing with ginger， raw G. jasminoides lost 21 components （including iridoids， flavonoids， alkaloids，
and others）， while 7 chemical components were added （including coumarins， organic acids， organic acid esters， and flavonoids）.
For the 15 batches of ginger-processed G. jasminoides， the water content ranged from 5.64% to 7.11%， total ash from 2.92% to
4.87%， and ethanol-soluble extract from 40.61% to 58.02%. The average contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ
and crocin Ⅱ were 0.108 7， 0.542 2， 0.565 0， and 0.012 5 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS After processing with ginger， G.
jasminoides loses 21 components， while 7 new components are added. Differences are observed in the water content， total ash，
ethanol-soluble extract， and the contents of genipin
Δ 基金项目 江西省重点研发计划项目（No.20232BBG70013）；
gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ， and crocin Ⅱ of ginger-
江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目（No.2022Z013） processed G. jasminoides from different producing areas.
＊第一作者 副主任中药师。研究方向：中药炮制、中药药理、临床
药学。E-mail：514133789@qq.com Notably， samples from Fujian exhibit high contents of genipin
# 通信作者 教 授 ，博 士 。 研 究 方 向 ：中 药 炮 制 。 E-mail： gentiobioside and ethanol-soluble extract， while samples from
552376722@qq.com Jiangxi have a high content of crocin Ⅰ.

· 168 · China Pharmacy 2026 Vol. 37 No. 2 中国药房 2026年第37卷第2期