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芦荟苷通过调控巨噬细胞极化改善动脉粥样硬化的机制研究
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田 野 ,陈线茹 ,梅向辉 ,李百超 ,杜文涛 (1.河北工程大学临床医学院,河北 邯郸 056038;2.河北工程
大学附属医院心血管内科,河北 邯郸 056002)
中图分类号 R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)22-2802-07
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.22.09
摘 要 目的 探究芦荟苷(ALO)改善动脉粥样硬化(AS)的机制。方法 将8只C57BL/6J小鼠设为对照组(CON组),基础饲料
喂养;将 32 只载脂蛋白 E 基因敲除(APOE )小鼠随机分为模型组(MOD 组),ALO 低、高剂量组[ALO-L、ALO-H 组,20、40
-/-
mg/(kg·d)]、阿托伐他汀阳性对照组[ATO组,4 mg/(kg·d)],每组8只,通过高脂饲料喂养构建AS小鼠模型。各组小鼠灌胃给药
或等体积去离子水,持续8周。检测小鼠血脂水平,观察其主动脉病理结构变化,检测其主动脉中CD86 、CD206 表达,并检测其
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主动脉中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)、白细胞介素10(IL-10) mRNA和iNOS、Arg-
1 蛋白表达以及核因子 κB p65(NF-κB p65)、信号转导和转录激活因子 3(STAT3)蛋白的磷酸化水平。以脂多糖(LPS)诱导
RAW264.7细胞构建巨噬细胞极化模型,考察ALO(400 μmol/L)对巨噬细胞极化的影响。结果 与MOD组相比,各给药小鼠的血
脂(除ALO-L组小鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇外)异常均被显著逆转(P<0.05),主动脉内膜结构亦明显改善,斑块面积均显著
缩小(P<0.01),主动脉中CD86 相对荧光强度均显著降低、CD206 相对荧光强度均显著升高(P<0.01),iNOS、TNF-α mRNA表达
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水平均显著降低(P<0.05);ALO-H 组、ATO 组小鼠主动脉中 Arg-1、IL-10 mRNA 及 Arg-1 蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05),
iNOS蛋白表达水平及NF-κB p65、STAT3蛋白的磷酸化水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。细胞实验结果显示,ALO可显著降低LPS诱
导的 M1 型巨噬细胞比例(P<0.01),升高 M2 型巨噬细胞比例(P<0.01)。结论 ALO 可抑制巨噬细胞向 M1 型极化并促进其向
M2型极化,改善AS模型小鼠血脂代谢紊乱,减少主动脉斑块形成,改善主动脉内膜结构;该作用机制可能与抑制NF-κB/STAT3
信号通路有关。
关键词 芦荟苷;动脉粥样硬化;巨噬细胞极化;NF-κB/STAT3信号通路
Mechanism of aloin ameliorating atherosclerosis through regulating macrophage polarization
TIAN Ye ,CHEN Xianru ,MEI Xianghui ,LI Baichao ,DU Wentao(1. School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei
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University of Engineering, Hebei Handan 056038, China;2. Dept. of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Affiliated
Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei Handan 056002, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which aloin (ALO) ameliorates atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS
Eight C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the control group (CON group) and fed a standard diet; thirty-two apolipoprotein E-knockout
(APOE ) mice were randomly divided into model group (MOD group), ALO low-dose and high-dose groups [ALO-L group,
-/-
ALO-H group, 20, 40 mg/(kg·d)], and atorvastatin positive control group [ATO group, 4 mg/(kg·d)], with 8 mice in each
group, establishing the AS model through feeding with a high-fat diet. The mice were administered the drug via gavage or given an
equal volume of deionized water for 8 consecutive weeks. The lipid levels in the serum of mice were measured, and the
pathological structural changes in their aortas were observed. The expressions of macrophage polarization markers (CD86 ,
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CD206 ) in the aorta were determined, along with the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor
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necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), arginase-1 (Arg-1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), as well as the protein expressions of iNOS and Arg-
1, and the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and signal transduction and activator of transcription 3
(STAT3) proteins. Additionally, a macrophage polarization model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced
RAW264.7 cells, and the effect of ALO (400 μmol/L) on the cellular polarization phenotype was investigated. RESULTS
Compared with the MOD group, administration groups all showed significant improvement in dyslipidemia (except for high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of ALO-L group) (P<0.05); aortic intimal structure improved significantly, plaque area was
reduced significantly (P<0.01); the CD86 relative fluorescence
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Δ 基金项目 邯 郸 市 科 学 技 术 研 究 与 发 展 计 划 项 目(No. intensity in the aorta decreased significantly, the CD206
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19422083011-11) relative fluorescence intensity increased significantly (P<
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:心血管疾病基础。E-mail:
0.01), while the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α mRNA were
17760270029@163.com
# 通信作者 主任医师,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:冠心病基础 down-regulated significantly (P<0.05); mRNA expressions of
及介入治疗。E-mail:1961147104@qq.com Arg-1 and IL-10, and protein expression of Arg-1 were
· 2802 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 22 中国药房 2025年第36卷第22期

