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中医药治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的临床治则治法及作用机制研究进展 Δ
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张中原 ,曾 朔 ,杨振耀 ,陈柯言 ,刘少薇 ,朱 珊 (1.河南中医药大学儿科医学院,郑州 450046;2.河南
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中医药大学第二附属医院儿科,郑州 450002)
中图分类号 R285;R965 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)22-2879-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.22.22
摘 要 变应性鼻炎(AR)是儿童最常见的慢性非感染性炎症疾病。中医药采用分期论治与辨证论治相结合的综合体系,在治疗
儿童 AR 方面具有显著优势。本文系统综述了近年来中医药治疗儿童 AR 的临床治则治法及其作用机制,结果显示中药内治法
(小青龙汤、益气脱敏汤等中药方剂或中成药)、中医外治法(揿针、穴位贴敷、推拿及中医鼻疗等)及内外治联合法(中药内服联合
穴位贴敷等)在缓解AR患儿临床症状、改善免疫指标、降低复发率等方面展现出显著效果,其作用机制主要与调控Toll样受体/核
因子-κB、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等信号通路有关,从而发挥恢复免疫平衡、缓解炎症反应、抑制细胞焦亡、减少黏液分泌和促进鼻黏
膜屏障修复等作用。
关键词 变应性鼻炎;中医药;分期论治;辨证论治;作用机制
Research progress on the clinical treatment methods and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for
pediatric allergic rhinitis
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ZHANG Zhongyuan ,ZENG Shuo ,YANG Zhenyao ,CHEN Keyan ,LIU Shaowei ,ZHU Shan(1. Pediatric
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Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China;2. Dept. of Pediatrics, the
Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, China)
ABSTRACT Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic non-infectious inflammatory diseases in children.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) employs a comprehensive therapeutic system integrating treatment by stages and syndrome
differentiation and treatment, demonstrating significant advantages in the management of pediatric AR. This article systematically
reviews the clinical treatment methods and underlying mechanisms of TCM for pediatric AR in recent years. It is found that internal
therapies (such as herbal formulas or Chinese patent medicines like Xiaoqinglong decoction, Yiqi tuomin decoction), external
therapies (including intradermal needles, acupoint application, tuina, and herbal nasal therapy), as well as combined internal and
external approaches (oral herbs combined with acupoint application), have demonstrated significant effects in alleviating clinical
symptoms, improving immune indicators, and reducing recurrence rates in children with AR. The underlying mechanisms are
primarily associated with the regulation of signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated
protein kinase, thereby modulating immune balance, suppressing inflammatory responses, inhibiting pyroptosis, reducing mucus
secretion, and promoting nasal mucosal repair.
KEYWORDS allergic rhinitis; traditional Chinese medicine; treatment by stages; syndrome differentiation and treatment;
mechanism of action
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变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR),即过敏性鼻炎, 趋势 。目前,西医临床常用药包括鼻用糖皮质激素、抗
是一种由免疫球蛋白 E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)介导的 组胺药、抗白三烯药等,上述药物虽能在短期内缓解症
鼻黏膜慢性非感染性炎症疾病,典型症状包括鼻塞、鼻 状,但长期使用可能会引起鼻黏膜损伤、口咽干燥、嗜睡
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痒、喷嚏及清水样鼻涕 。AR是儿童最常见的慢性疾病 等不良反应 。此外,特异性免疫治疗和手术治疗虽也
之一,我国儿童 AR 患病率已达 18.46%,且呈逐年上升 用于儿童AR,但存在一定局限性:免疫治疗因疗程过长
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常导致患儿依从性差 ,而手术治疗则具有创伤性,术后
Δ 基金项目 河南省自然科学基金项目(No.232300421188);河南
[5]
省中医药科学研究专项课题(No.2022ZY1072);第七批全国老中医药 可能出现鼻腔结构损伤及嗅觉功能障碍等并发症 。相
专家学术经验继承工作项目(No.国中医药人教函〔2022〕76号) 比之下,中医药以分期论治和辨证论治为指导,通过中
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治儿童呼吸系统疾
药内治法、中医外治法和内外治联合法等多维度干预,
病。E-mail:a_zhongyuan@163.com
可发挥恢复免疫平衡、缓解炎症反应、抑制细胞焦亡、减
# 通信作者 主任医师,教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:中医药防治
儿童呼吸系统疾病。E-mail:zhshteacher@126.com 少黏液分泌和促进鼻黏膜屏障修复等作用,在改善患儿
中国药房 2025年第36卷第22期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 22 · 2879 ·

