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·综述·
支气管哮喘气道黏液高分泌的发病机制及中药干预研究进展
Δ
陈瑞怡 1, 2* ,春 柳 1, 3, 4 ,李伟珂 ,杨 菊 ,王至婉 1, 3, 4 # [1. 河南中医药大学第一附属医院国家区域中医
1, 2
1, 2
(肺病)诊疗中心,郑州 450003;2.河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,郑州 450003;3.呼吸疾病诊疗与新药研
发河南省协同创新中心,郑州 450003;4.河南省中医药防治呼吸病重点实验室,郑州 450003]
中图分类号 R965;R285.5 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)22-2862-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.22.19
摘 要 支气管哮喘(简称“哮喘”)是呼吸系统常见的慢性气道炎症疾病之一,迁延难愈。气道黏液高分泌(AMH)是导致哮喘急
性发作的重要因素。中药具有多途径、多靶点、多环节的治疗优势,其在干预哮喘AMH方面的作用机制逐渐受到关注。中药基于
祛痰化饮等方法干预哮喘,可有效缓解患者症状。本文综述发现,哮喘AMH的发病机制与黏液纤毛清除功能下降和黏液分泌功
能增强相关;单味中药(桔梗等)、中药有效成分(清半夏多糖等)及中药复方(清热化痰方药等)可通过调控磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白
激酶B、Janus激酶/信号转导及转录激活蛋白等信号通路,抑制气道炎症反应和氧化应激以及恢复黏液层自身水盐比例来改善哮
喘AMH。
关键词 支气管哮喘;气道黏液高分泌;中医药;发病机制
Research progress on the pathogenesis of airway mucus hypersecretion in bronchial asthma and the
intervention of traditional Chinese medicine
1, 2
1, 2
CHEN Ruiyi ,CHUN Liu 1, 3, 4 ,LI Weike ,YANG Ju ,WANG Zhiwan 1, 3, 4 [1. National Regional Center for
1, 2
Traditional Chinese Medicine (Pulmonary Disease) Diagnosis and Treatment, the First Affiliated Hospital of
Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China;2. First Clinical Medical College of Henan
University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003, China;3. Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for
Diagnosis, Treatment and New Drug Development of Respiratory Diseases, Zhengzhou 450003, China;4.
Henan Key Lab of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Zhengzhou 450003, China]
ABSTRACT Bronchial asthma (abbreviated as asthma) is one of the common chronic airway inflammatory diseases in the
respiratory system, which is difficult to cure. Airway mucus hypersecretion (AMH) is an important factor leading to acute asthma
attacks. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses therapeutic advantages characterized by multiple pathways, multiple
targets, and multiple links, and its mechanism of action in intervening in AMH has gradually drawn attention. TCM can effectively
alleviate the symptoms of patients by intervening in asthma through methods such as eliminating phlegm and eliminating fluid
retention. This review finds that the pathogenesis of asthma-associated AMH is correlated with decreased mucociliary clearance
function and enhanced mucus secretion function; single TCM (such as Platycodon grandiflorum), effective components of TCM
(such as pinellia polysaccharides), and compound prescriptions (mainly heat-clearing and phlegm-resolving prescriptions, etc.) can
improve asthma-associated AMH by regulating the PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, inhibiting airway inflammatory
responses, oxidative stress, and recovering the water-salt ratio of the mucus layer itself.
KEYWORDS bronchial asthma; airway mucus hypersecretion; traditional Chinese medicine; pathogenesis; research progress
支气管哮喘(简称“哮喘”)是一种以慢性气道炎症 生频率和强度可随时间波动,并伴随可变呼气气流受
[1]
为特征的异质性疾病。该病病程长、易迁延难愈,临床 限 。据全球哮喘防治创议预测,到 2025 年,全球哮喘
症状主要包括喘息、气促、胸闷和咳嗽等,这些症状的发 患者人数可能增至 4 亿 。由此可见,哮喘已成为一个
[2]
Δ 基金项目 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.81973791);河南省 全球性的重大公共卫生问题,对其开展有效防治、减轻
中医药科学研究专项课题(No.20-21ZY1020) 相应的疾病与经济负担至关重要。
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:中医药防治呼吸系统疾病。
气 道 黏 液 高 分 泌(airway mucus hypersecretion,
E-mail:2099038381@qq.com
AMH)是哮喘的主要病理生理特征,其过度分泌可加重
# 通信作者 主任医师,教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中医
[3]
药防治呼吸系统疾病。E-mail:zhiwan_w@163.com 气道阻塞,严重时甚至危及患者生命 。因此,探索有效
· 2862 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 22 中国药房 2025年第36卷第22期

