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ICU 长时间有创机械通气并发呼吸机相关性肺炎患者的多重耐

          药危险因素分析
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                 1*
          胡童童 ,陈泳伍 ,胡志成 [1.浙江大学医学院附属第二医院歙县分院药剂科,安徽 黄山 245200;2.中国
          科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)药学部,合肥 230001;3.浙江大学医学院附属第二医院歙县分院
          重症医学科,安徽 黄山 245200]

          中图分类号  R563.1;R969.3      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)16-2051-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.16.17

          摘  要  目的  分析重症医学病房(ICU)行长时间有创机械通气(IMV)且并发呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)患者发生多重耐药菌
         (MDRO)感染的危险因素,为提高本地区VAP临床治疗效果提供参考。方法  回顾性收集2022年10月-2025年2月入住浙江大
          学医学院附属第二医院歙县分院(以下简称“我院”)ICU行长时间IMV且并发VAP患者的临床资料,统计其病原菌分布及耐药情
          况;根据患者是否发生MDRO感染,将其分为MDRO组和非MDRO组,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选患者发生
          MDRO感染的独立危险因素。结果  纳入的97例患者共培养出病原菌281株,其中革兰氏阴性菌262株(93.24%)、革兰氏阳性菌9
          株(3.20%)、真菌10株(3.56%)。革兰氏阴性菌以铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种、鲍曼不动杆菌为主,前两者对亚胺培南
          等常用抗菌药物的耐药率较高(均不低于25%),鲍曼不动杆菌对大多数抗菌药物都有较高的耐药率;革兰氏阳性菌以金黄色葡萄
          球菌金黄亚种、溶血葡萄球为主,对克林霉素等多种抗菌药物耐药(耐药率均高于30%)。281株病原菌中,有121株为MDRO,有
          62株对碳青霉烯类药物耐药,有33株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶。血清白蛋白<28 g/L、入住ICU时间≥14 d、使用苯二氮                               类药物均
          是导致我院ICU行长时间IMV且并发VAP患者发生MDRO感染的独立危险因素(比值比分别为3.289、2.991、2.680,95%置信区
          间分别为1.183~9.144、1.021~8.765、1.012~7.094,P<0.05)。结论  我院ICU行长时间IMV且并发VAP患者感染病原菌以革兰
          氏阴性菌为主,其中铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种和鲍曼不动杆菌的占比较高,耐药情况较为严峻;血清白蛋白<28 g/L、
          入住ICU时间≥14 d、使用苯二氮 类药物是导致该类患者发生MDRO感染的独立危险因素。
          关键词  有创机械通气;呼吸机相关性肺炎;多重耐药;危险因素

          Analysis  of  risk  factors  for  multidrug  resistance  in  patients  with  ventilator-associated  pneumonia
          complicated by prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU
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          HU Tongtong ,CHEN Yongwu ,HU Zhicheng [1.  Dept.  of  Pharmacy,  Shexian  Branch  of  the  Second Affiliated
                                     2
          Hospital  of  Zhejiang  University  School  of  Medicine, Anhui  Huangshan  245200,  China;2.  Dept.  of  Pharmacy,
          the  First  Affiliated  Hospital  of  USTC (Anhui  Provincial  Hospital),  Hefei  230001,  China;3.  Dept.  of  Critical
          Care  Medicine,  Shexian  Branch  of  the  Second Affiliated  Hospital  of  Zhejiang  University  School  of  Medicine,
          Anhui Huangshan 245200, China]

          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE  To  analyze  the  risk  factors  for  multidrug-resistant  organism (MDRO)  infection  in  patients  with
          prolonged  invasive  mechanical  ventilation (IMV)  complicated  by  ventilator-associated  pneumonia (VAP)  in  the  intensive  care  unit
         (ICU),  thus  providing  a  reference  for  improving  the  clinical  effect  of  VAP  treatment  in  this  region.  METHODS  A  retrospective
          analysis  was  performed  on  the  clinical  data  of  patients  who  were  admitted  to  the  ICU  in  Shexian  Branch  of  the  Second Affiliated
          Hospital  of  Zhejiang  University  School  of  Medicine (hereinafter  referred  to  as “our  hospital”)  from  October  2022  to  February
          2025,  received  prolonged  IMV,  and  developed VAP. The  distribution  and  drug  resistance  of  pathogens  were  statistically  analyzed.
          Patients  were  divided  into  the  MDRO  group  and  the  non-MDRO  group  according  to  whether  an  MDRO  infection  occurred.
          Univariate  analysis  and  multivariate  Logistic  regression  analysis  were  used  to  screen  independent  risk  factors  for  MDRO  infection.
          RESULTS  A  total  of  281  pathogenic  strains  were  cultured  from  97  patients,  including  262  Gram-negative  bacteria (93.24%),  9
          Gram-positive  bacteria (3.20%),  and  10  fungi (3.56%).  The  main  Gram-negative  bacteria  were  Pseudomonas  aeruginosa,
                                                             Klebsiella  pneumoniae  subspecies  pneumoniae,  and  Acinetobacter
             Δ 基金项目 安徽省教育厅高等学校2022年度科研计划项目(No.
                                                             baumannii. The former two showed high resistance rates (all≥
          2022AH040184)
             *第一作者 副主任药师。研究方向:临床药学、医院药学。E-                   25%)  to  common  antibiotics  such  as  imipenem,  while  A.
          mail:64375689@qq.com                               baumannii  demonstrated  high  resistance  to  most  antimicrobial
             # 通信作者 副主任药师,博士研究生。研究方向:临床药学、抗感                 agents.  The  main  Gram-positive  bacteria  were  Staphylococcus
          染药物的个体化治疗。E-mail:cyw725@126.com                    aureus  subspecies  aureus  and  S.  haemolyticus,  which  were


          中国药房  2025年第36卷第16期                                              China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 16    · 2051 ·
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