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1例疑似头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类交叉过敏致DRESS病例报道
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          何 璐 ,钱 妍(重庆医科大学附属第二医院药学部,重庆 400010)
          中图分类号  R979.9      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2025)15-1915-06
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.15.17

          摘  要  目的  探讨头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类交叉过敏导致伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和系统症状的药物反应(DRESS)的发病机制、诊
          断、治疗等,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法  分析临床药师参与我院1例高龄重症肺炎患者因疑似头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类交
          叉过敏所致DRESS的诊疗过程,并文献汇总DRESS的发病机制、诊断、治疗以及头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类交叉过敏的有关研究。
          结合本例患者临床表现、治疗经过,讨论头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类交叉过敏的可能机制及DRESS的治疗策略。结果  本例患者
          RegiSCAR评分6分,为DRESS确诊病例,且可能存在β-内酰胺环特异性的人类白细胞抗原等位基因或T细胞受体,从而导致疑似
          头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类交叉过敏反应。临床药师建议停用头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类药物,使用甲泼尼龙联合免疫球蛋白进行
          治疗。临床医生采纳临床药师建议,患者后续未再发热且皮疹逐日消退。结论  头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类存在交叉过敏导致
          DRESS的可能。对出现DRESS的患者建议及时排查可疑药物并停药;糖皮质激素联合免疫球蛋白是可行的治疗方案,有条件的
          医疗机构应进行疱疹病毒筛查和治疗。
          关键词  伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和系统症状的药物反应;药物超敏反应综合征;嗜酸性粒细胞增多;β-内酰胺类;过敏反应

          DRESS caused by suspected cross-allergy between cephalosporins and carbapenems: a case report
          HE Lu,QIAN Yan(Dept.  of  Pharmacy,  the  Second  Affiliated  Hospital  of  Chongqing  Medical  University,
          Chongqing 400010, China)

          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic
          symptoms (DRESS)  caused  by  cross-allergy  between  cephalosporins  and  carbapenems,  and  provide  reference  for  safe  clinical
          medication. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with severe pneumonia
          whose  DRESS  caused  by  suspected  cross-allergy  between  cephalosporins  and  carbapenems  in  our  hospital.  At  the  same  time,
          relevant  studies  on  the  pathogenesis,  diagnosis,  treatment,  and  cross-allergy  between  cephalosporins  and  carbapenems  were
          retrieved for analysis. Based on the clinical manifestations and treatment process of this patient, the possible mechanisms of cross-
          allergy  between  cephalosporins  and  carbapenems  and  the  treatment  strategies  for  DRESS  were  discussed.  RESULTS  The
          RegiSCAR  score  of  this  patient  was  6  points,  confirming  the  diagnosis  of  DRESS.  There  may  be  β-lactam  ring-specific  human
          leucocyte  antigen  alleles  or  T-cell  receptors,  which  led  to  suspected  cross-allergic  reactions  between  cephalosporins  and
          carbapenems.  The  clinical  pharmacists  suggested  discontinuing  cephalosporins  and  carbapenems  and  using  methylprednisolone
          combined  with  immunoglobulin  for  treatment.  The  physician  adopted  the  pharmacist’s  suggestion,  and  the  patient  did  not  have
          fever  again  and  the  rash  gradually  subsided.  CONCLUSIONS  There  is  a  possibility  of  cross-allergy  between  cephalosporins  and
          carbapenems  causing  DRESS.  For  patients  with  DRESS,  it  is  recommended  to  promptly  investigate  the  suspected  drugs  and
          discontinue  them.  The  combination  of  glucocorticoids  and  immunoglobulin  is  a  feasible  treatment  option.  Medical  institutions  with
          conditions should conduct herpesvirus screening and treatment.
          KEYWORDS    drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; drug hypersensitivity syndrome; eosinophilia; β-lactams;
          allergic reaction



              伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和系统症状的药物反应(drug                       不良反应,以发热、皮疹、嗜酸性粒细胞增多以及潜在的
          reaction  with  eosinophilia  and  systemic  symptoms,  脏 器 功 能 损 害 为 主 要 表 现 。 DRESS 的 发 病 率 为
          DRESS),又称药物超敏反应综合征(drug-induced hyper‐             0.01%~0.1%,成人较儿童更多见,死亡率约 10%,主要
          sensitivity syndrome,DIHS),是一种少见而严重的药物             死亡原因为嗜酸性粒细胞浸润所致肝损伤                   [1―2] 。研究显

             Δ 基金项目 国家临床重点专科项目(No.渝卫办发〔2023〕48号);            示,DRESS 与特定药物诱发的免疫应答反应密切相关,
          重庆市临床药学重点专科建设项目(No.渝卫办发〔2023〕2号)                   其中 β-内酰胺类抗菌药物中最常见的诱发药物为阿莫
             *第一作者 主管药师,硕士。研究方向:临床药学。E-mail:                                                 [3]
                                                             西林克拉维酸钾或哌拉西林他唑巴坦 。本研究团队临
          317248849@qq.com
                                                             床药师参与了1例疑似头孢菌素类与碳青霉烯类交叉过
             # 通信作者 主任药师,硕士生导师。研究方向:临床药学。
          E-mail:552590989@qq.com                            敏致DRESS的高龄重症肺炎患者的救治。本文对该病


          中国药房  2025年第36卷第15期                                              China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 15    · 1915 ·
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