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三化汤的化学成分、入血原型成分及代谢成分分析
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刘艳平 ,陈 业,陆 涛,陶娟敏,邱 彦(上海市浦东新区人民医院药剂科,上海 201299)
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中图分类号 R917;R284.1 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)14-1760-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.14.12
摘 要 目的 研究三化汤的化学成分及其在大鼠体内的入血原型和代谢成分。方法 将雄性Wistar大鼠分为给药组和空白组,
每组6只。给药组大鼠每天早晚各灌胃13.3 g/kg的三化汤冻干粉药液1次,空白组大鼠每天早晚各灌胃等体积生理盐水1次,连
续3 d。收集两组大鼠末次给药后的血浆样品,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)技术,结合自
建天然产物高分辨质谱数据库和相关文献,对三化汤化学成分及入血原型成分、代谢产物进行鉴定。结果与结论 从三化汤冻干
粉样品中鉴定出69个成分,29个来源于药用大黄,16个成分来源于厚朴,22个成分来源于枳实,10个成分来源于羌活,其中3个成
分(柠檬酸、L-酪氨酸、腺苷)在4味药材中均存在;另有1个成分(阿魏酰葡萄糖酸)尚需确定具体归属。共鉴定出43个入血原型
成分,包括黄酮类、酚类、蒽醌类、苯丙素类、生物碱类、三萜类成分。共鉴定出61个代谢产物,以黄酮类、蒽醌类、苯丙素类成分为
主;代谢途径包括去甲基化等Ⅰ相代谢反应和硫酸化、葡萄糖醛酸化等Ⅱ相代谢反应。
关键词 三化汤;化学成分;入血原型成分;代谢产物;UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术
Analysis of chemical components, prototype components migrating to the blood and metabolites of Sanhua
decoction
LIU Yanping,CHEN Ye,LU Tao,TAO Juanmin,QIU Yan(Dept. of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area
People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To study the chemical components, components migrating to the blood and metabolites of Sanhua
decoction in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into administration group and blank group, with 6 rats in each group.
The rats in the administration group were given 13.3 g/kg of Sanhua decoction lyophilized powder solution by gavage once a day in
the morning and evening, and the rats in the blank group were given an equal volume of saline by gavage once a day in the
morning and evening, both for 3 consecutive days. Plasma samples were collected from the two groups of rats after the last
administration. The chemical components, prototype components migrating to the blood and metabolites of Sanhua decoction were
analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique. The structures were identified combined with the self-built natural product high-
resolution mass spectrometry database and relevant literature. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Totally 69 compounds were identified
from the lyophilized powder of Sanhua decoction, including 29 components from Rheum officinale, 16 components from Magnoliae
Officinalis Cortex, 22 components from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, and 10 components from Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix.
Among them, 3 components (citric acid, L-tyrosine, adenosine) were present in all 4 medicinal herbs. Another component
(feruloylgluconic acid) still needed to be specifically attributed. A total of 43 prototype components migrating to the blood were
identified, including flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and triterpenoids. A total of 61 metabolites
were identified, predominantly consisting of flavonoids, anthraquinones and phenylpropanoids. The metabolic pathways mainly
involved phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions such as demethylation and phase Ⅱ metabolic reactions like sulfation and glucuronidation.
KEYWORDS Sanhua decoction; chemical components; prototype components migrating to the blood; metabolites; UHPLC-Q-
TOF/MS technique
三化汤出自金代刘完素《素问病机气宜保命集》,由 厚朴、大黄、枳实、羌活组方而成,是2018年国家中医药
管理局公布的《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》中的名方
Δ 基金项目 上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会学科带头人培养计
[1]
划(No.PWRd2021-01);上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生计生科 之一 。三化汤可调气开通玄府,是治疗中风之名方,用
[2]
研项目(面上项目)(No.PW2022A-66);上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员 于临床治疗急性中风的效果良好 。现代药理学研究表
会学科建设计划(重要薄弱学科)(No.PWZbr2022-13) 明,三化汤对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织具有很好的保护
*第一作者 副主任药师,博士。研究方向:中药药效物质基础。 [3―5] [6] [7]
作用 ,亦有防治肝纤维化 、抑制炎症 等作用。
E-mail:liuyanping@shpdph.com
三化汤的给药途径以口服为主。药物进入机体后,
# 通信作者 主 任 药 师 ,博 士 。 研 究 方 向 :药 理 学 。 E-mail:
qiuyan@shpdph.com 会通过血液循环分布至全身各组织器官,从而发挥相应
· 1760 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 14 中国药房 2025年第36卷第14期