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问题,后续将扩大样本量进一步验证。既往研究报道, sulfamethoxazole,a potential mediator of sulfamethoxa‐
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SMZ 血药浓度与肝毒性发生显著相关 。本研究结果 zole toxicity[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther,1995,274(3):
显示,SMZ cmax对肝毒性的预测截断值为138.00 μg/mL。 1099-1104.
这提示,SMZ cmax≥138.00 μg/mL时,需警惕肝损伤的发 [ 8 ] 《复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗药物监测临床应用专家共识》编
写组.复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗药物监测临床应用专家共识
生,及时调整剂量或停药,并加强肝功能的监测。
[J]. 中国感染与化疗杂志,2024,24(5):497-506.
SMZ可通过N-乙酰基转移酶代谢为NSMZ,该代谢
[ 9 ] LEEGWATER E,BAIDJOE L,WILMS E B,et al. Popula‐
物主要通过尿液排泄,可溶性比 SMZ 低,可引起结晶 tion pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole:
尿,而导致尿路梗阻和肾损伤 。有研究认为,NSMZ浓 dosage optimization for patients with renal insufficiency
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度>75 µg/mL 时易发生不良反应 。本研究中,肾毒性 or receiving continuous renal replacement therapy[J]. Clin
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Pharmacol Ther,2025,117(1):184-192.
发生患者的 NSMZ cmax显著高于未发生患者,NSMZ cmax
与 SCr 升高和 eGFR 降低显著相关。NSMZ cmax对肾毒 [10] 卢张阳,梁培,祁慧,等. 重症患者复方磺胺甲噁唑血药
性的预测截断值为 60.76 μg/mL。这提示,NSMZ cmax≥ 峰浓度与不良反应的相关性研究[J]. 中国医院药学杂
志,2023,43(2):207-210.
60.76 μg/mL时,需警惕肾损伤的发生。另外,肾功能不
[11] 潘欢妍,祁慧,梁培,等. 重症耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎患者复
全患者可能因清除能力下降而导致NSMZ蓄积,临床应
方磺胺甲噁唑血药浓度监测的临床研究 [J]. 中南药学,
注意监测肾功能,根据肾功能调整剂量,以避免肾毒性
2023,21(6):1653-1658.
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综上所述,对于入住ICU 24 h内APACHE-Ⅱ≥15分 method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reac‐
的危重症患者,建议监测 SMZ 血药浓度,且 SMZ cmax应 tions[J]. Clin Pharmacol Ther,1981,30(2):239-245.
控制在 100~200 µg/mL。TMP cmax与肝肾毒性显著相 [13] KNAUS W A,DRAPER E A,WAGNER D P,et al.
关,SMZ cmax与肝毒性显著相关,NSMZ cmax与肾毒性显 APACHE Ⅱ :a severity of disease classification system
著相关。TMP cmax≥6.63 μg/mL、SMZ cmax≥138.00 μg/mL [J]. Crit Care Med,1985,13(10):818-829.
时,患者的肝毒性发生风险显著增加;TMP cmax≥7.25 [14] KETT D H,SHORR A F,REBOLI A C,et al. Anidula-
fungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients
μg/mL、NSMZ cmax≥60.76 μg/mL时,患者的肾毒性发生
with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis:
风险显著增加。鉴于本研究为单中心研究,纳入的样本
support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candi‐
量较少,故所得结论尚需更多大样本、多中心研究进一 diasis[J]. Crit Care,2011,15(5):R253.
步验证。 [15] GIANNASI S E,VENUTI M S,MIDLEY A D,et al.
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· 1780 · China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 14 中国药房 2025年第36卷第14期