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问题,后续将扩大样本量进一步验证。既往研究报道,                                 sulfamethoxazole,a  potential  mediator  of  sulfamethoxa‐
                                            [19]
          SMZ 血药浓度与肝毒性发生显著相关 。本研究结果                                zole  toxicity[J].  J  Pharmacol  Exp  Ther,1995,274(3):
          显示,SMZ cmax对肝毒性的预测截断值为138.00 μg/mL。                      1099-1104.
          这提示,SMZ cmax≥138.00 μg/mL时,需警惕肝损伤的发                 [ 8 ] 《复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗药物监测临床应用专家共识》编
                                                                   写组.复方磺胺甲噁唑治疗药物监测临床应用专家共识
          生,及时调整剂量或停药,并加强肝功能的监测。
                                                                   [J]. 中国感染与化疗杂志,2024,24(5):497-506.
              SMZ可通过N-乙酰基转移酶代谢为NSMZ,该代谢
                                                              [ 9 ]  LEEGWATER E,BAIDJOE L,WILMS E B,et al. Popula‐
          物主要通过尿液排泄,可溶性比 SMZ 低,可引起结晶                               tion pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole:
          尿,而导致尿路梗阻和肾损伤 。有研究认为,NSMZ浓                               dosage  optimization  for  patients  with  renal  insufficiency
                                   [20]
          度>75 µg/mL 时易发生不良反应 。本研究中,肾毒性                            or receiving continuous renal replacement therapy[J]. Clin
                                       [9]
                                                                   Pharmacol Ther,2025,117(1):184-192.
          发生患者的 NSMZ cmax显著高于未发生患者,NSMZ cmax
          与 SCr 升高和 eGFR 降低显著相关。NSMZ cmax对肾毒                  [10]  卢张阳,梁培,祁慧,等. 重症患者复方磺胺甲噁唑血药
          性的预测截断值为 60.76 μg/mL。这提示,NSMZ cmax≥                      峰浓度与不良反应的相关性研究[J]. 中国医院药学杂
                                                                   志,2023,43(2):207-210.
          60.76 μg/mL时,需警惕肾损伤的发生。另外,肾功能不
                                                              [11]  潘欢妍,祁慧,梁培,等. 重症耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎患者复
          全患者可能因清除能力下降而导致NSMZ蓄积,临床应
                                                                   方磺胺甲噁唑血药浓度监测的临床研究 [J]. 中南药学,
          注意监测肾功能,根据肾功能调整剂量,以避免肾毒性
                                                                   2023,21(6):1653-1658.
          的发生。                                                [12]  NARANJO  C  A,BUSTO  U,SELLERS  E  M,et  al.  A
              综上所述,对于入住ICU 24 h内APACHE-Ⅱ≥15分                       method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reac‐
          的危重症患者,建议监测 SMZ 血药浓度,且 SMZ cmax应                         tions[J]. Clin Pharmacol Ther,1981,30(2):239-245.
          控制在 100~200 µg/mL。TMP cmax与肝肾毒性显著相                  [13]  KNAUS  W  A,DRAPER  E  A,WAGNER  D  P,et  al.
          关,SMZ cmax与肝毒性显著相关,NSMZ cmax与肾毒性显                        APACHE  Ⅱ :a  severity  of  disease  classification  system
          著相关。TMP cmax≥6.63 μg/mL、SMZ cmax≥138.00 μg/mL            [J]. Crit Care Med,1985,13(10):818-829.
          时,患者的肝毒性发生风险显著增加;TMP cmax≥7.25                      [14]  KETT D H,SHORR A F,REBOLI A C,et al. Anidula-
                                                                   fungin compared with fluconazole in severely ill patients
          μg/mL、NSMZ cmax≥60.76 μg/mL时,患者的肾毒性发生
                                                                   with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis:
          风险显著增加。鉴于本研究为单中心研究,纳入的样本
                                                                   support for the 2009 IDSA treatment guidelines for candi‐
          量较少,故所得结论尚需更多大样本、多中心研究进一                                 diasis[J]. Crit Care,2011,15(5):R253.
          步验证。                                                [15]  GIANNASI  S  E,VENUTI  M  S,MIDLEY  A  D,et  al.
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               vitro  formation,disposition  and  toxicity  of  N-acetoxy-                        (编辑:陈 宏)


          · 1780 ·    China Pharmacy  2025 Vol. 36  No. 14                            中国药房  2025年第36卷第14期
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