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远志配伍对砂烫马钱子的减毒增效作用研究
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隋 怡 ,冯 果 1, 2, 3 # ,刘 刚 ,柳克艳 ,韦学浩 ,滕明刚 ,李 玮 ,韩彩瑶 ,雷 燕(1. 贵州中医药大学
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药学院,贵阳 550025;2. 贵州中药炮制技术传承基地,贵阳 550025;3. 道地药材国家重点实验室,北京
100700)
中图分类号 R285.5;R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2025)10-1197-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.10.08
摘 要 目的 探究远志配伍对砂烫马钱子(简称“砂马”)毒性和抗炎、镇痛药效的影响。方法 制备砂马单煎液、砂马-去芯远志1∶
2.5或1∶5共煎液[简称“砂马远志(1∶2.5)共煎液”或“砂马远志(1∶5)共煎液”]和砂马-去芯远志(1∶5)混合液[简称“砂马远志(1∶5)
混合液”],考察其半数致死剂量(LD50 );以阿司匹林为阳性对照,比较上述药液致小鼠扭体次数、镇痛率、疼痛潜伏期、耳肿胀度、
炎症抑制率的不同;检测上述药液中活性兼毒性成分士的宁、马钱子碱的含量。结果 砂马单煎液、砂马远志(1∶2.5)共煎液、砂马
远志(1∶5)共煎液、砂马远志(1∶5)混合液的LD50分别为302.00、614.47、1 445.44、1 778.28 mg/kg;上述药液组小鼠的扭体次数、耳
肿胀度均较对照组显著减少或降低(P<0.05 或 P<0.01),疼痛潜伏期[砂马单煎液组 90、120 min 时,砂马远志(1∶2.5)共煎液组
60、90 min 时以及砂马远志(1∶5)共煎液组和砂马远志(1∶5)混合液组 60、90、120 min 时]均较对照组显著延长(P<0.05 或 P<
0.01);各药液的镇痛率分别为 39.30%、70.87%、80.00%、82.46%,炎症抑制率分别为 38.08%、57.89%、76.47%、50.46%,且共煎液、
混合液的镇痛、抗炎效果普遍优于单煎液(P<0.05或P<0.01)。上述4种药液中,士的宁的总含量分别为0.71%、0.42%、0.47%、
0.64%,马钱子碱的总含量分别为0.88%、0.63%、0.57%、0.88%。结论 远志配伍能减轻砂马的毒性,并可增强砂马的抗炎、镇痛活
性,其增效减毒作用有随远志用量增加而增强的趋势;且两者共煎可降低砂马中活性兼毒性成分士的宁、马钱子碱的含量。
关键词 砂烫马钱子;远志;减毒增效;急性毒性;抗炎;镇痛;士的宁;马钱子碱
Study on toxicity-reducing and efficacy-enhancing effects of Polygala tenuifolia compatibility on sand-
ironing Strychnos nux-vomica
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SUI Yi ,FENG Guo 1, 2, 3 ,LIU Gang ,LIU Keyan ,WEI Xuehao ,TENG Minggang ,LI Wei ,HAN Caiyao ,
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LEI Yan(1. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025,
China;2. Guizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Inheritance Base, Guiyang 550025,
China;3. National Key Laboratory of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Beijing 100700, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Polygala tenuifolia compatibility on toxicity, anti-inflammatory and
analgesic efficacy of sand-ironing Strychnos nux-vomica (SS). METHODS The preparation of SS single decoction, SS-P. tenuifolia
core-removed (PC) (1∶2.5) or (1∶5) combined decoction, and SS-PC (1∶5) mixture were carried out to investigate their median
lethal dose (LD50 ). Using aspirin as positive control, the number of writhing movements, analgesic rate, pain latency, ear swelling
degree and inflammation inhibition rate induced by the above-mentioned medicinal liquids in mice were compared. The contents of
the active and toxic components, strychnine and brucine, in the above-mentioned medicinal liquids were also determined.
RESULTS The LD50 values of SS single decoction, SS-PC (1∶2.5) combined decoction, SS-PC (1∶5) combined decoction and SS-
PC (1∶5) mixture were 302.00, 614.47, 1 445.44 and 1 778.28 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with control group, the number of
writhing movements and ear swelling degree in the mice of the above-mentioned medicinal liquid groups were reduced or decreased
significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01); pain latency [at 90 and 120 minutes in the SS single decoction group, at 60 and 90 minutes in
the SS-PC (1∶2.5) combined decoction group, and at 60,90,
Δ 基金项目 国家中医药管理局省级中药炮制技术传承基地建设 120 minutes in the SS-PC (1∶5) combined decoction group
项目(No.国中医药科技中药便函〔2015〕132号);中央本级重大增减支 and SS-PC (1∶5) mixture group] was significantly prolonged
项目(No.2060302);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(No. 黔人领发 (P<0.05 or P<0.01); analgesic rates of the respective
〔2020〕4 号);贵州省基本建设投资计划项目(No. 黔发改投资〔2015〕 medicinal liquids were 39.30%, 70.87%, 80.00% and
542 号);贵州省研究生教育创新计划项目(No.2024YJSKYJJ357);贵 82.46%, and inflammation inhibition rates were 38.08%,
州中医药大学国家与省级科技创新人才团队培育项目(No.贵中医TD
57.89%, 76.47% and 50.46%; analgesic and anti-inflammatory
合字〔2024〕001号) effects of combined decoction and mixture were generally
*第一作者 实验师,博士研究生。研究方向:中药民族药炮制工
艺原理与控制。E-mail:836017075@qq.com better than those of the single decoction (P<0.05 or P<
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:中药产地加工与 0.01). In the above-mentioned four medicinal liquids, the total
炮制、药代动力学。E-mail:453989352@qq.com contents of strychnine were 0.71%, 0.42%, 0.47% and
中国药房 2025年第36卷第10期 China Pharmacy 2025 Vol. 36 No. 10 · 1197 ·