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基于液相色谱分离技术的核酸类药物生物分析方法研究进展
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孙淑萌 ,林 琳 ,张岱州 ,李 欣 ,关永霞 ,陈 凯 1, 2, 4 # (1.山东省药学科学院,济南 250101;2.山东省
1*
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人工噬菌体药物技术创新中心,济南 250101;3.鲁南制药集团股份有限公司,山东 临沂 276000;4.山东中医
药大学中医药创新研究院,济南 250001)
中图分类号 R917 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)23-2959-06
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.23.20
摘 要 核酸类药物的生物分析方法主要有基于配体结合分析、基于聚合酶链反应和基于液相色谱分离技术3大类,前两者灵敏
度虽高,但选择性较差,很难区分寡核苷酸本身及其较短的代谢产物。基于液相色谱分离技术生物分析方法的灵敏度虽略有逊
色,但由于其具有高选择性,能够区分寡核苷酸本身及其代谢产物,故在核酸类药物的临床前和临床研究中展现出了广阔的应用
前景。本文综述了该类方法中的高效液相色谱-紫外检测(HPLC-UV)法、高效液相色谱-荧光(HPLC-FL)法、液相色谱-串联质谱
(LC-MS/MS)法、液相色谱-高分辨质谱法、微流液相色谱-串联质谱(microflow LC-MS/MS)法、杂交液相色谱-串联质谱法的特点
及其在核酸类药物分析中的应用情况,发现除HPLC-UV法的检测灵敏度较低以外,其余方法均具有较高的灵敏度,但尚存在一些
不足,如HPLC-FL法需要设计合适的探针、LC-MS/MS法需要标准物质、microflow LC-MS/MS法成本较高等。另外,一些相关策
略及技术(如非特异性吸附解决策略、样品前处理技术等)的发展,在提高方法灵敏度的同时,也进一步加速了基于液相色谱分离
技术的核酸类药物生物分析方法的发展。
关键词 核酸类药物;寡核苷酸;生物分析;液相色谱;分离技术
Liquid chromatography-based bioanalytical technologies for nucleic acid drugs
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SUN Shumeng ,LIN Lin ,ZHANG Daizhou ,LI Xin ,GUAN Yongxia ,CHEN Kai 1, 2, 4 (1. Shandong Academy
1, 2
1, 2
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250101, China;2. Shandong Innovation Center of Engineered Bacteriophage
Therapeutics, Jinan 250101, China;3. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shandong Linyi 276000, China;
4. Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Jinan 250001, China)
ABSTRACT There are three types of bioanalytical methods for nucleic acid drugs, including ligand binding assay, quantitative
polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography-based bioanalytical technologies. Although the first two assays have high
sensitivity, they have poor selectivity and can not differentiate between intact and truncated metabolites. Liquid chromatography-
based bioanalytical technologies which are less sensitive, offer high selectivity for the identification of intact and truncated
metabolites. They have broad application prospects in both preclinical and clinical investigations of therapeutic nucleic acid drugs.
This paper provides a critical review on the characteristics of these technologies and their application to analyze nucleic acid drugs,
including high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), high performance liquid chromatography-
fluorescence (HPLC-FL), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography-high resolution-
mass spectrometry, microflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (microflow LC-MS/MS) and hybridization liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Although these technologies have high sensitivity except for HPLC-UV, they still have
some shortcomings, such as suitable probes need to be designed for HPLC-FL, standard substance for LC-MS/MS, and high cost
for microflow LC-MS/MS. In addition, the development of some related strategies or technologies (e.g. non-specific adsorption
strategy, sample pretreatment) which can improve the sensitivity, has hastened the development of liquid chromatography-based
bioanalytical technologies for nucleic acid drugs.
KEYWORDS nucleic acid drugs; oligonucleotide; bioanalysis; liquid chromatography; separation technology
Δ 基金项目 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(No. 核酸类药物通过Watson-Crick碱基互补配对机制特
2021CXGC010515) 异性识别内源性核酸序列,能够精准调控基因表达,比
*第一作者 工程师,硕士。研究方向:新药药代动力学。电话: [1]
小分子药物更具特异性 ,因此近年来其应用潜力备受
0531-88562151。E-mail:sunshumeng.123@163.com
关注。核酸类药物主要包括反义寡核苷酸(antisense oli‐
# 通信作者 高级工程师,硕士生导师,博士研究生。研究方向:新
药药代动力学。电话:0531-88562177。E-mail:chenkai@sdaps.cn gonucleotides,ASO)药物、小干扰 RNA(small interfering
中国药房 2024年第35卷第23期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 23 · 2959 ·