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基于PMC指数模型的国谈药品“双通道”管理政策量化评价
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高文萍 ,王淑玲(沈阳药科大学工商管理学院,沈阳 110016)
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中图分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)19-2335-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.19.03
摘 要 目的 对省级层面国家医保谈判药品“双通道”管理政策进行量化评价,分析不足之处和优秀经验,为该类政策的优化提
供参考。方法 以31个省份国家医保谈判药品“双通道”管理政策为研究对象,运用文本挖掘法,归纳政策重点内容;构建政策一
致性(PMC)指数模型,通过评价模型从整体角度对31个省份“双通道”管理政策进行量化分析;并以北京市和重庆市为例,对比优
秀政策与可接受政策的差异性。结果 31个省份中,18个省份的政策PMC指数介于6.00~<8.00,属于优秀政策;13个省份的政
策PMC指数介于4.00~<6.00,属于可接受政策。北京市和重庆市的政策在政策性质、政策时效等5个层面保持一致,而在政策
内容、政策受众等4个层面存在差异。结论 多数省份“双通道”管理政策处于较为完善的水平。部分省份后续还需根据本省医药
卫生发展实际情况,持续优化政策设计,完善政策细则;搭建定点药店管理模式,明确遴选规则与退出机制;重视药学服务建设,推
动处方外流。
关键词 国家医保谈判药品;双通道;PMC指数模型;文本挖掘法;政策研究;量化评价
Quantitative evaluation of “dual channel” management policy of national medical insurance negotiation
drugs based on PMC index model
GAO Wenping,WANG Shuling(School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,
Shenyang 110016, China)
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate the “dual channel” management policy of national medical insurance
negotiation drugs at the provincial level, analyze the shortcomings and excellent experience and provide reference for the
optimization of the policy. METHODS Taking the “double-channel” management policy of national medical insurance negotiation
drugs in 31 provinces as the research object, text mining method was used to summarize the key contents of the policy; the policy
modeling consistency (PMC) index model is constructed, and the “dual channel” management policies of 31 provinces are
quantitatively analyzed through the evaluation model. Taking Beijing and Chongqing as examples, the differences between good
policies and acceptable policies are compared. RESULTS Among the 31 provinces, the PMC index of 18 provinces is between 6.00
and <8.00, which belongs to the excellent policies. The PMC index of 13 provinces is between 4.00 and <6.00, which belongs to
acceptable policies. The policies of Beijing and Chongqing are consistent in 5 aspects, such as policy nature and policy
effectiveness, while there are differences in 4 aspects, such as policy content and policy audience. CONCLUSION The “dual
channel” management policies in most provinces are at a relatively perfect level, and some provinces need to continuously optimize
the policy design and improve the policy rules according to the actual situation of their own medical and health development;
establish the management mode of designated pharmacies, clarify the selection rules and exit mechanism; pay attention to the
construction of pharmaceutical care, and promote the outflow of prescriptions.
KEYWORDS national medical insurance negotiation drugs; dual channel; PMC index model; text mining method; policy
research; quantitative evaluation
近年来,药品价格谈判、“两票制”、医保支付方式改 年5月,国家医疗保障局与国家卫生健康委员会联合发
革等政策的持续推进有效降低了药品价格。自 2016 年 布了《关于建立完善国家医保谈判药品“双通道”管理机
开始,一大批创新药、罕用药以及临床价值高的药品通 制的指导意见》(以下简称“双通道”管理政策),将临床价
[1]
过国家医保谈判(以下简称“国谈”)进入医保目录 。为 值高、患者急需、替代性不强的品种纳入“双通道”管理 。
[2]
确保国谈药品顺利落地,提高谈判药品的可及性,2021 随着“双通道”管理政策的推进,各省(自治区、直辖
Δ 基金项目 教育部供需对接就业育人项目(No.20230110887); 市)也纷纷明确本省份的政策内容。由于各省份经济、
辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划2024年度课题(No.JG24DB452) 卫生等制约因素的存在,“双通道”管理在部分省份出现
*第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:药事法规与药品政策。
配套政策贯彻落实不到位、定点零售药店动态管理机制
E-mail:gaowenping097@163.com
[3]
[4]
不明确、药品范围界定模糊等问题 。彭博等 通过研究
# 通信作者 教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:药事法规与药品政策。
E-mail:lingyi50@163.com 发现,各省份“双通道”管理政策在准入数量与标准、医
中国药房 2024年第35卷第19期 China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 19 · 2335 ·