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基于PMC指数模型的国谈药品“双通道”管理政策量化评价
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          高文萍 ,王淑玲(沈阳药科大学工商管理学院,沈阳 110016)
                *
          中图分类号  R95      文献标志码  A      文章编号  1001-0408(2024)19-2335-05
          DOI  10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.19.03

          摘  要  目的  对省级层面国家医保谈判药品“双通道”管理政策进行量化评价,分析不足之处和优秀经验,为该类政策的优化提
          供参考。方法  以31个省份国家医保谈判药品“双通道”管理政策为研究对象,运用文本挖掘法,归纳政策重点内容;构建政策一
          致性(PMC)指数模型,通过评价模型从整体角度对31个省份“双通道”管理政策进行量化分析;并以北京市和重庆市为例,对比优
          秀政策与可接受政策的差异性。结果  31个省份中,18个省份的政策PMC指数介于6.00~<8.00,属于优秀政策;13个省份的政
          策PMC指数介于4.00~<6.00,属于可接受政策。北京市和重庆市的政策在政策性质、政策时效等5个层面保持一致,而在政策
          内容、政策受众等4个层面存在差异。结论  多数省份“双通道”管理政策处于较为完善的水平。部分省份后续还需根据本省医药
          卫生发展实际情况,持续优化政策设计,完善政策细则;搭建定点药店管理模式,明确遴选规则与退出机制;重视药学服务建设,推
          动处方外流。
          关键词  国家医保谈判药品;双通道;PMC指数模型;文本挖掘法;政策研究;量化评价

          Quantitative  evaluation  of “dual  channel”  management  policy  of  national  medical  insurance  negotiation
          drugs based on PMC index model
          GAO Wenping,WANG Shuling(School  of  Business  Administration,  Shenyang  Pharmaceutical  University,
          Shenyang 110016, China)

          ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE  To  quantitatively  evaluate  the “dual  channel”  management  policy  of  national  medical  insurance
          negotiation  drugs  at  the  provincial  level,  analyze  the  shortcomings  and  excellent  experience  and  provide  reference  for  the
          optimization  of  the  policy.  METHODS  Taking  the “double-channel”  management  policy  of  national  medical  insurance  negotiation
          drugs in 31 provinces as the research object, text mining method was used to summarize the key contents of the policy; the policy
          modeling  consistency (PMC)  index  model  is  constructed,  and  the “dual  channel”  management  policies  of  31  provinces  are
          quantitatively  analyzed  through  the  evaluation  model.  Taking  Beijing  and  Chongqing  as  examples,  the  differences  between  good
          policies and acceptable policies are compared. RESULTS Among the 31 provinces, the PMC index of 18 provinces is between 6.00
          and <8.00, which belongs to the excellent policies. The PMC index of 13 provinces is between 4.00 and <6.00, which belongs to
          acceptable  policies.  The  policies  of  Beijing  and  Chongqing  are  consistent  in  5  aspects,  such  as  policy  nature  and  policy
          effectiveness,  while  there  are  differences  in  4  aspects,  such  as  policy  content  and  policy  audience.  CONCLUSION  The “dual
          channel” management policies in most provinces are at a relatively perfect level, and some provinces need to continuously optimize
          the  policy  design  and  improve  the  policy  rules  according  to  the  actual  situation  of  their  own  medical  and  health  development;
          establish  the  management  mode  of  designated  pharmacies,  clarify  the  selection  rules  and  exit  mechanism;  pay  attention  to  the
          construction of pharmaceutical care, and promote the outflow of prescriptions.
          KEYWORDS    national  medical  insurance  negotiation  drugs;  dual  channel;  PMC  index  model;  text  mining  method;  policy
          research; quantitative evaluation


              近年来,药品价格谈判、“两票制”、医保支付方式改                       年5月,国家医疗保障局与国家卫生健康委员会联合发
          革等政策的持续推进有效降低了药品价格。自 2016 年                        布了《关于建立完善国家医保谈判药品“双通道”管理机
          开始,一大批创新药、罕用药以及临床价值高的药品通                           制的指导意见》(以下简称“双通道”管理政策),将临床价
                                                    [1]
          过国家医保谈判(以下简称“国谈”)进入医保目录 。为                         值高、患者急需、替代性不强的品种纳入“双通道”管理 。
                                                                                                         [2]
          确保国谈药品顺利落地,提高谈判药品的可及性,2021                             随着“双通道”管理政策的推进,各省(自治区、直辖
             Δ 基金项目 教育部供需对接就业育人项目(No.20230110887);           市)也纷纷明确本省份的政策内容。由于各省份经济、
          辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划2024年度课题(No.JG24DB452)               卫生等制约因素的存在,“双通道”管理在部分省份出现
             *第一作者 硕士研究生。研究方向:药事法规与药品政策。
                                                             配套政策贯彻落实不到位、定点零售药店动态管理机制
          E-mail:gaowenping097@163.com
                                                                                          [3]
                                                                                                   [4]
                                                             不明确、药品范围界定模糊等问题 。彭博等 通过研究
             # 通信作者 教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:药事法规与药品政策。
          E-mail:lingyi50@163.com                            发现,各省份“双通道”管理政策在准入数量与标准、医
          中国药房  2024年第35卷第19期                                              China Pharmacy  2024 Vol. 35  No. 19    · 2335 ·
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