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新型阿片类镇痛药的研发进展
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贺春波 1, 2* ,王 丹 ,杨淑佳 ,周开文 ,邓怡平 ,董守良 (1. 德州学院药学院,山东 德州 253023;
4, 5 #
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2.新型药用辅料与缓控释制剂山东省工程研究中心,山东 德州 253023;3.德州学院健康医学院,山东 德州
253023;4.兰州大学生命科学学院动物学与生物医学系,兰州 730000;5.甘肃省新药临床前研究重点实验室,
兰州 730000)
中图分类号 R971 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408(2024)17-2176-05
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2024.17.21
摘 要 阿片类镇痛药是目前已知疗效最好的镇痛药,然而其便秘、耐受和成瘾等毒副作用严重限制了其临床应用。随着对阿片
受体信号转导机制的深入认知和药物设计技术的不断进步,研究者们近年来尝试了许多有前景、不同于传统的改造吗啡骨架结构
的全新方法,致力于开发低毒高效的阿片类镇痛药。本文聚焦于目前比较主流的偏向性激动、“一药多靶”和外周激动3种新型研发
策略,介绍了各个策略实现镇痛活性与不良反应相对分离的基本原理,并结合相应代表性药物的最新研究进展进行简要综述。其
中,近期获批上市的新型阿片类镇痛药奥赛利定和泰吉利定都是偏向性μ阿片受体激动剂,Cebranopadol是典型的“一药多靶”镇
痛药,NFEPP是外周阿片受体激动剂的代表性药物。上述几种研发策略相辅相成,为阿片类镇痛新药的研发提供了借鉴与参考。
关键词 阿片类镇痛药;偏向性激动剂;一药多靶;外周激动剂;新药研发
Research progress of novel opioid analgesics
HE Chunbo ,WANG Dan ,YANG Shujia ,ZHOU Kaiwen ,DENG Yiping ,DONG Shouliang (1. School
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of Pharmacy, Dezhou University, Shandong Dezhou 253023, China;2. Shandong Engineering Research Center
of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, Shandong Dezhou 253023,
China;3. Medical School of Health, Dezhou University, Shandong Dezhou 253023,China;4. Dept. of Animal
and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;5. Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China)
ABSTRACT Opioid analgesics are currently known as the best analgesics. However, toxicity and side effects such as
constipation, tolerance and addiction severely limit their clinical application. With the in-depth understanding of the signal
transduction mechanism of opioid receptors and the continuous advancement of drug design technology, researchers have managed
to develop many promising new methods to get low-toxic and more efficient opioid analgesics, which are different from the
traditional morphine skeleton structure modifications. This article focuses on three new research strategies of G-protein biased
activation, “one drug-multiple targets” and peripheral activation. The basic principles of relative separation of analgesic activity and
adverse drug reaction by each strategy are introduced, and the latest research progress of representative drugs is briefly reviewed.
Among them, the recently approved novel opioid analgesics oliceridine and tegileridine are G-protein biased μ -opioid receptor
agonists, Cebranopadol is a typical “one drug-multiple targets” analgesic, and NFEPP is a representative drug of peripheral opioid
receptor agonists. The above several strategies complement each other and provide reference for the development of new opioid
analgesic drugs.
KEYWORDS opioid analgesic; biased agonist; one drug-multiple targets; peripheral agonist; new drug development
《中国疼痛医学发展报告(2020)》显示,疼痛已成为 类药物是目前已知疗效最好的镇痛药,被视为中至重度
[1]
[2]
继心脑血管疾病、肿瘤之后的第三大健康问题 。阿片 疼痛的首选治疗药物 。然而,其便秘、耐受和成瘾等毒
副作用严重限制了其临床应用。随着对阿片受体信号
Δ 基金项目 山东省自然科学基金项目(No.ZR2023QH304);德州 传导机制的深入认知和药物设计技术的不断进步,研究
学院科学研究基金项目(No.2021xjrc212) 者们近年来尝试了许多有前景、不同于传统的改造吗啡
*第一作者 讲师,博士。研究方向:生物活性肽的研发。E-mail:
骨架结构的全新方法,致力于开发低毒高效的阿片类镇
hechb@dzu.edu.cn
# 通信作者 教授,博士生导师,博士。研究方向:生物活性肽的改 痛药。本文总结了阿片类镇痛药的广谱镇痛作用及其
造、多肽药物的合成。E-mail:dongsl@lzu.edu.cn 不良反应,并结合最新研究进展详细阐述了近年来发展
· 2176 · China Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 35 No. 17 中国药房 2024年第35卷第17期